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Optimal NaCl Medium Enhances Squalene Accumulation in Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185 and Influences the Expression Levels of Key Metabolic Genes

Squalene, a natural lipid of the terpenoid family, is well-recognized for its roles in regulating cholesterol metabolism, preventing tumor development, and improving immunity. For large-scale squalene production, the unicellular marine protists—thraustochytrids—have shown great potential. However, t...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Aiqing, He, Yaodong, Sen, Biswarup, Wang, Weijun, Wang, Xin, Wang, Guangyi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9114700/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35602038
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.900252
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author Zhang, Aiqing
He, Yaodong
Sen, Biswarup
Wang, Weijun
Wang, Xin
Wang, Guangyi
author_facet Zhang, Aiqing
He, Yaodong
Sen, Biswarup
Wang, Weijun
Wang, Xin
Wang, Guangyi
author_sort Zhang, Aiqing
collection PubMed
description Squalene, a natural lipid of the terpenoid family, is well-recognized for its roles in regulating cholesterol metabolism, preventing tumor development, and improving immunity. For large-scale squalene production, the unicellular marine protists—thraustochytrids—have shown great potential. However, the growth of thraustochytrids is known to be affected by salt stress, which can eventually influence the squalene content. Here, we study the effects of an optimal concentration of NaCl on the squalene content and transcriptome of Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185. Under the optimal culture conditions (glucose, 30 g/L; yeast extract, 2.5 g/L; and NaCl, 5 g/L; 28°C), the strain yielded 67.7 mg squalene/g cell dry weight, which was significantly greater than that (5.37 mg/g) under the unoptimized conditions. NaCl was determined as the most significant (R = 135.24) factor for squalene production among glucose, yeast extract, and NaCl. Further comparative transcriptomics between the ATCC 26185 culture with and without NaCl addition revealed that NaCl (5 g/L) influences the expression of certain key metabolic genes, namely, IDI, FAS-a, FAS-b, ALDH3, GS, and NDUFS4. The differential expression of these genes possibly influenced the acetyl-CoA and glutamate metabolism and resulted in an increased squalene production. Through the integration of bioprocess technology and transcriptomics, this report provides the first evidence of the possible mechanisms underscoring increased squalene production by NaCl.
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spelling pubmed-91147002022-05-19 Optimal NaCl Medium Enhances Squalene Accumulation in Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185 and Influences the Expression Levels of Key Metabolic Genes Zhang, Aiqing He, Yaodong Sen, Biswarup Wang, Weijun Wang, Xin Wang, Guangyi Front Microbiol Microbiology Squalene, a natural lipid of the terpenoid family, is well-recognized for its roles in regulating cholesterol metabolism, preventing tumor development, and improving immunity. For large-scale squalene production, the unicellular marine protists—thraustochytrids—have shown great potential. However, the growth of thraustochytrids is known to be affected by salt stress, which can eventually influence the squalene content. Here, we study the effects of an optimal concentration of NaCl on the squalene content and transcriptome of Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185. Under the optimal culture conditions (glucose, 30 g/L; yeast extract, 2.5 g/L; and NaCl, 5 g/L; 28°C), the strain yielded 67.7 mg squalene/g cell dry weight, which was significantly greater than that (5.37 mg/g) under the unoptimized conditions. NaCl was determined as the most significant (R = 135.24) factor for squalene production among glucose, yeast extract, and NaCl. Further comparative transcriptomics between the ATCC 26185 culture with and without NaCl addition revealed that NaCl (5 g/L) influences the expression of certain key metabolic genes, namely, IDI, FAS-a, FAS-b, ALDH3, GS, and NDUFS4. The differential expression of these genes possibly influenced the acetyl-CoA and glutamate metabolism and resulted in an increased squalene production. Through the integration of bioprocess technology and transcriptomics, this report provides the first evidence of the possible mechanisms underscoring increased squalene production by NaCl. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9114700/ /pubmed/35602038 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.900252 Text en Copyright © 2022 Zhang, He, Sen, Wang, Wang and Wang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Zhang, Aiqing
He, Yaodong
Sen, Biswarup
Wang, Weijun
Wang, Xin
Wang, Guangyi
Optimal NaCl Medium Enhances Squalene Accumulation in Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185 and Influences the Expression Levels of Key Metabolic Genes
title Optimal NaCl Medium Enhances Squalene Accumulation in Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185 and Influences the Expression Levels of Key Metabolic Genes
title_full Optimal NaCl Medium Enhances Squalene Accumulation in Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185 and Influences the Expression Levels of Key Metabolic Genes
title_fullStr Optimal NaCl Medium Enhances Squalene Accumulation in Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185 and Influences the Expression Levels of Key Metabolic Genes
title_full_unstemmed Optimal NaCl Medium Enhances Squalene Accumulation in Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185 and Influences the Expression Levels of Key Metabolic Genes
title_short Optimal NaCl Medium Enhances Squalene Accumulation in Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185 and Influences the Expression Levels of Key Metabolic Genes
title_sort optimal nacl medium enhances squalene accumulation in thraustochytrium sp. atcc 26185 and influences the expression levels of key metabolic genes
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9114700/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35602038
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.900252
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