Mechanism of Antiviral Activities of Nanoviricide's Platform Technology based Biopolymer (NV-CoV-2)

NV-CoV-2 is a nanoviricide that is covalently bonded with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and alkyl pendants. This molecular design is used to attack many strains of coronaviruses in a broad-spectrum manner. The ligand works by competitive inhibition and binds to the same site on the S-protein of SARS-CoV that attaches to the cognate cellular receptor, ACE2. This prevents SARS-CoV from binding and infecting the cell. NV-CoV-2 is designed to bind to the free virion particles at multiple points encapsulate the virus and disable its ability to infect the cells. The multi-point binding interaction, like a nano-velcro-tape, may lead to lipid-lipid fusion of the alkyl chains in the nanoviricide micelle with the lipid envelope of the virus. The virus becomes dismantled to a capsid form before the host immune system becomes involved. This putative mechanism is orthogonal to many other anti-coronavirus agents in development. Thus, it maybe possible to produce a stronger antiviral effect when combining NV-CoV-2 therapy with other anti-coronavirus therapies such as Remdesivir (RDV). NV-CoV-2 can encapsulate other antiviral compounds as well. In this study, RDV was encapsulated and protected from serum-mediated degradation in vivo. As a result, RDV was available for a longer period of time to interact with RNA polymerase and inhibit.