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Epithelial–mesenchymal transition: The history, regulatory mechanism, and cancer therapeutic opportunities
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a program wherein epithelial cells lose their junctions and polarity while acquiring mesenchymal properties and invasive ability. Originally defined as an embryogenesis event, EMT has been recognized as a crucial process in tumor progression. During EMT, ce...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9115588/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35601657 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mco2.144 |
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author | Huang, Zhao Zhang, Zhe Zhou, Chengwei Liu, Lin Huang, Canhua |
author_facet | Huang, Zhao Zhang, Zhe Zhou, Chengwei Liu, Lin Huang, Canhua |
author_sort | Huang, Zhao |
collection | PubMed |
description | Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a program wherein epithelial cells lose their junctions and polarity while acquiring mesenchymal properties and invasive ability. Originally defined as an embryogenesis event, EMT has been recognized as a crucial process in tumor progression. During EMT, cell–cell junctions and cell–matrix attachments are disrupted, and the cytoskeleton is remodeled to enhance mobility of cells. This transition of phenotype is largely driven by a group of key transcription factors, typically Snail, Twist, and ZEB, through epigenetic repression of epithelial markers, transcriptional activation of matrix metalloproteinases, and reorganization of cytoskeleton. Mechanistically, EMT is orchestrated by multiple pathways, especially those involved in embryogenesis such as TGFβ, Wnt, Hedgehog, and Hippo, suggesting EMT as an intrinsic link between embryonic development and cancer progression. In addition, redox signaling has also emerged as critical EMT modulator. EMT confers cancer cells with increased metastatic potential and drug resistant capacity, which accounts for tumor recurrence in most clinic cases. Thus, targeting EMT can be a therapeutic option providing a chance of cure for cancer patients. Here, we introduce a brief history of EMT and summarize recent advances in understanding EMT mechanisms, as well as highlighting the therapeutic opportunities by targeting EMT in cancer treatment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9115588 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91155882022-05-20 Epithelial–mesenchymal transition: The history, regulatory mechanism, and cancer therapeutic opportunities Huang, Zhao Zhang, Zhe Zhou, Chengwei Liu, Lin Huang, Canhua MedComm (2020) Reviews Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a program wherein epithelial cells lose their junctions and polarity while acquiring mesenchymal properties and invasive ability. Originally defined as an embryogenesis event, EMT has been recognized as a crucial process in tumor progression. During EMT, cell–cell junctions and cell–matrix attachments are disrupted, and the cytoskeleton is remodeled to enhance mobility of cells. This transition of phenotype is largely driven by a group of key transcription factors, typically Snail, Twist, and ZEB, through epigenetic repression of epithelial markers, transcriptional activation of matrix metalloproteinases, and reorganization of cytoskeleton. Mechanistically, EMT is orchestrated by multiple pathways, especially those involved in embryogenesis such as TGFβ, Wnt, Hedgehog, and Hippo, suggesting EMT as an intrinsic link between embryonic development and cancer progression. In addition, redox signaling has also emerged as critical EMT modulator. EMT confers cancer cells with increased metastatic potential and drug resistant capacity, which accounts for tumor recurrence in most clinic cases. Thus, targeting EMT can be a therapeutic option providing a chance of cure for cancer patients. Here, we introduce a brief history of EMT and summarize recent advances in understanding EMT mechanisms, as well as highlighting the therapeutic opportunities by targeting EMT in cancer treatment. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9115588/ /pubmed/35601657 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mco2.144 Text en © 2022 The Authors. MedComm published by Sichuan International Medical Exchange & Promotion Association (SCIMEA) and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Reviews Huang, Zhao Zhang, Zhe Zhou, Chengwei Liu, Lin Huang, Canhua Epithelial–mesenchymal transition: The history, regulatory mechanism, and cancer therapeutic opportunities |
title | Epithelial–mesenchymal transition: The history, regulatory mechanism, and cancer therapeutic opportunities |
title_full | Epithelial–mesenchymal transition: The history, regulatory mechanism, and cancer therapeutic opportunities |
title_fullStr | Epithelial–mesenchymal transition: The history, regulatory mechanism, and cancer therapeutic opportunities |
title_full_unstemmed | Epithelial–mesenchymal transition: The history, regulatory mechanism, and cancer therapeutic opportunities |
title_short | Epithelial–mesenchymal transition: The history, regulatory mechanism, and cancer therapeutic opportunities |
title_sort | epithelial–mesenchymal transition: the history, regulatory mechanism, and cancer therapeutic opportunities |
topic | Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9115588/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35601657 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mco2.144 |
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