Characterization of the mitochondrial genome of parupeneus indicus (perciformes, mullidae)

Parupeneus indicus, a species in the family Mullidae, inhabits the coastal and inner lagoon reefs of the Indian and Pacific oceans. The mitochondrial genome of P. indicus is 16,566 base pairs in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and a D-loop control region. The overall base composition is 26.58% A, 24.83% T, 30.39% C, and 18.19% G, indicating an AT-rich profile (51.41%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 13 PCGs revealed a close evolutionary relationship between P. indicus and P. barberinus. The data obtained in this study represent a valuable mitogenomic resource for population studies in the family Mullidae and will contribute to gaining a better understanding of the conservation genetics and environmental DNA of these fish.