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Influence of Simulated Deep Brain Stimulation on the Expression of Inflammatory Mediators by Human Central Nervous System Cells In Vitro
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) seems to modulate inflammatory processes. Whether this modulation leads to an induction or suppression of inflammatory mediators is still controversially discussed. Most studies of the influence of electrical stimulation on inflammation were conducted in rodent models wi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer US
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9117383/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34216357 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12017-021-08674-y |
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author | Kubelt, Carolin Molkewehrum, Henri Lucius, Ralph Synowitz, Michael Held-Feindt, Janka Helmers, Ann-Kristin |
author_facet | Kubelt, Carolin Molkewehrum, Henri Lucius, Ralph Synowitz, Michael Held-Feindt, Janka Helmers, Ann-Kristin |
author_sort | Kubelt, Carolin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Deep brain stimulation (DBS) seems to modulate inflammatory processes. Whether this modulation leads to an induction or suppression of inflammatory mediators is still controversially discussed. Most studies of the influence of electrical stimulation on inflammation were conducted in rodent models with direct current stimulation and/or long impulses, both of which differ from the pattern in DBS. This makes comparisons with the clinical condition difficult. We established an in-vitro model that simulated clinical stimulation patterns to investigate the influence of electrical stimulation on proliferation and survival of human astroglial cells, microglia, and differentiated neurons. We also examined its influence on the expression of the inflammatory mediators C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL)12, CXCL16, CC-chemokin-ligand-2 (CCL)2, CCL20, and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 by these cells using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, protein expression was assessed by immunofluorescence double staining. In our model, electrical stimulation did not affect proliferation or survival of the examined cell lines. There was a significant upregulation of CXCL12 in the astrocyte cell line SVGA, and of IL-1β in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuronal cells at both messenger RNA and protein levels. Our model allowed a valid examination of chemokines and cytokines associated with inflammation in human brain cells. With it, we detected the induction of inflammatory mediators by electrical stimulation in astrocytes and neurons. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9117383 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91173832022-05-20 Influence of Simulated Deep Brain Stimulation on the Expression of Inflammatory Mediators by Human Central Nervous System Cells In Vitro Kubelt, Carolin Molkewehrum, Henri Lucius, Ralph Synowitz, Michael Held-Feindt, Janka Helmers, Ann-Kristin Neuromolecular Med Original Paper Deep brain stimulation (DBS) seems to modulate inflammatory processes. Whether this modulation leads to an induction or suppression of inflammatory mediators is still controversially discussed. Most studies of the influence of electrical stimulation on inflammation were conducted in rodent models with direct current stimulation and/or long impulses, both of which differ from the pattern in DBS. This makes comparisons with the clinical condition difficult. We established an in-vitro model that simulated clinical stimulation patterns to investigate the influence of electrical stimulation on proliferation and survival of human astroglial cells, microglia, and differentiated neurons. We also examined its influence on the expression of the inflammatory mediators C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL)12, CXCL16, CC-chemokin-ligand-2 (CCL)2, CCL20, and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 by these cells using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, protein expression was assessed by immunofluorescence double staining. In our model, electrical stimulation did not affect proliferation or survival of the examined cell lines. There was a significant upregulation of CXCL12 in the astrocyte cell line SVGA, and of IL-1β in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuronal cells at both messenger RNA and protein levels. Our model allowed a valid examination of chemokines and cytokines associated with inflammation in human brain cells. With it, we detected the induction of inflammatory mediators by electrical stimulation in astrocytes and neurons. Springer US 2021-07-03 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9117383/ /pubmed/34216357 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12017-021-08674-y Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Paper Kubelt, Carolin Molkewehrum, Henri Lucius, Ralph Synowitz, Michael Held-Feindt, Janka Helmers, Ann-Kristin Influence of Simulated Deep Brain Stimulation on the Expression of Inflammatory Mediators by Human Central Nervous System Cells In Vitro |
title | Influence of Simulated Deep Brain Stimulation on the Expression of Inflammatory Mediators by Human Central Nervous System Cells In Vitro |
title_full | Influence of Simulated Deep Brain Stimulation on the Expression of Inflammatory Mediators by Human Central Nervous System Cells In Vitro |
title_fullStr | Influence of Simulated Deep Brain Stimulation on the Expression of Inflammatory Mediators by Human Central Nervous System Cells In Vitro |
title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Simulated Deep Brain Stimulation on the Expression of Inflammatory Mediators by Human Central Nervous System Cells In Vitro |
title_short | Influence of Simulated Deep Brain Stimulation on the Expression of Inflammatory Mediators by Human Central Nervous System Cells In Vitro |
title_sort | influence of simulated deep brain stimulation on the expression of inflammatory mediators by human central nervous system cells in vitro |
topic | Original Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9117383/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34216357 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12017-021-08674-y |
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