Implementing Augmented Reality to Facilitate the Learning of Oral Histology

OBJECTIVES: The study of biological materials under a microscope is known as histology, which is one of the most challenging subjects for students. Our objective was to develop a learning tool that can reduce the extrinsic load of studying histology and make learning enjoyable and flexible. We used augmented reality (AR) to create a cellphone application called Dental AR. With Dental AR, students can use their cellphones as dynamic flashcards to hide or reveal the annotations of a histology slide. Our application enables students to study, practice, and self-test oral histology knowledge at their own pace. METHODS: We used Unity3D with Vuforia to develop Dental AR. To generate a set of target images, oral histology glass slides were scanned and converted to digital images. Annotated versions of the slides were used as output for the corresponding target images. To understand user experiences and satisfaction with Dental AR, first-year dentistry students were invited to complete an online survey. RESULTS: Dental AR was successfully developed and released on both the Apple and Google Play online app stores. The survey of dentistry students indicated overall satisfaction with Dental AR and willingness to use similar applications in other subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Dental AR can be used for in-class activities, gamification, and providing students with practice questions to study and self-test outside the classroom. This application can be expanded in the future to incorporate more target images, videos, and interactive components to make learning histology less challenging and more enjoyable.