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Effect of erosive media on microhardness and fracture toughness of CAD-CAM dental materials

BACKGROUND: Erosive acids might create surface flaws and deteriorate the mechanical properties of CAD-CAM materials. This invitro study aimed to investigate the effect of simulated gastric HCl and extrinsic erosive acids on surface microhardness and fracture toughness of CAD-CAM materials. METHODS:...

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Autores principales: Elraggal, Alaaeldin, Afifi, Rania, Abdelraheem, Islam
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9118722/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35590294
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02230-1
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author Elraggal, Alaaeldin
Afifi, Rania
Abdelraheem, Islam
author_facet Elraggal, Alaaeldin
Afifi, Rania
Abdelraheem, Islam
author_sort Elraggal, Alaaeldin
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Erosive acids might create surface flaws and deteriorate the mechanical properties of CAD-CAM materials. This invitro study aimed to investigate the effect of simulated gastric HCl and extrinsic erosive acids on surface microhardness and fracture toughness of CAD-CAM materials. METHODS: 400 bar-shaped specimens (17×4×2 mm(3)) were prepared from 4 different CAD-CAM dental materials (n = 100/group); monolithic zirconia (Ceramill Zolid HT+, Amanngirbach, Austria), lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein), nanohybrid resin composite (Grandio Blocs, VOCO) and polymer-infiltrated glass network (Vita Enamic, VITA Zahnfabrik). Specimens from each material type were further subdivided into 5 groups (n = 20) according to the erosive media applied (simulated gastric HCl, white wine, Coca-Cola®, orange juice, and artificial saliva that served as a control). Specimens were immersed for 24 h in an incubator at 37 ℃, then ultrasonically cleaned in distilled water and air-dried. Half of the specimens were tested for Vickers microhardness (VHN) at parameters of 500 gf for 10 s, while the rest of the specimens underwent 3-point flexure till fracture. Fractured surfaces were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for fracture toughness (K(IC)) calculation using the quantitative fractographic analysis method. Data collected were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (α = 0.05) after verification of data normality and homogeneity of variances. RESULTS: Erosive media created surface flaws that lowered the surface microhardness of the material and initiated the fracture pattern under different loads according to material type. The material type was a more predominant factor than erosive media that affected either the microhardness or the fracture toughness of CAD-CAM dental materials. The highest VHN and K(IC) values were found among Ceramill Zolid HT+ groups followed by IPS e.max CAD and Grandio Blocs regardless of the erosive media employed. Erosive media significantly reduced the VHN and K(IC) in Vita Enamic specimens compared to the rest of the material types. CONCLUSION: All CAD-CAM materials used, except Vita Enamic, showed high resistance against the erosive acids indicating higher longevity of the material in patients frequently exposed to either extrinsic or intrinsic acid.
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spelling pubmed-91187222022-05-20 Effect of erosive media on microhardness and fracture toughness of CAD-CAM dental materials Elraggal, Alaaeldin Afifi, Rania Abdelraheem, Islam BMC Oral Health Research BACKGROUND: Erosive acids might create surface flaws and deteriorate the mechanical properties of CAD-CAM materials. This invitro study aimed to investigate the effect of simulated gastric HCl and extrinsic erosive acids on surface microhardness and fracture toughness of CAD-CAM materials. METHODS: 400 bar-shaped specimens (17×4×2 mm(3)) were prepared from 4 different CAD-CAM dental materials (n = 100/group); monolithic zirconia (Ceramill Zolid HT+, Amanngirbach, Austria), lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein), nanohybrid resin composite (Grandio Blocs, VOCO) and polymer-infiltrated glass network (Vita Enamic, VITA Zahnfabrik). Specimens from each material type were further subdivided into 5 groups (n = 20) according to the erosive media applied (simulated gastric HCl, white wine, Coca-Cola®, orange juice, and artificial saliva that served as a control). Specimens were immersed for 24 h in an incubator at 37 ℃, then ultrasonically cleaned in distilled water and air-dried. Half of the specimens were tested for Vickers microhardness (VHN) at parameters of 500 gf for 10 s, while the rest of the specimens underwent 3-point flexure till fracture. Fractured surfaces were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for fracture toughness (K(IC)) calculation using the quantitative fractographic analysis method. Data collected were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (α = 0.05) after verification of data normality and homogeneity of variances. RESULTS: Erosive media created surface flaws that lowered the surface microhardness of the material and initiated the fracture pattern under different loads according to material type. The material type was a more predominant factor than erosive media that affected either the microhardness or the fracture toughness of CAD-CAM dental materials. The highest VHN and K(IC) values were found among Ceramill Zolid HT+ groups followed by IPS e.max CAD and Grandio Blocs regardless of the erosive media employed. Erosive media significantly reduced the VHN and K(IC) in Vita Enamic specimens compared to the rest of the material types. CONCLUSION: All CAD-CAM materials used, except Vita Enamic, showed high resistance against the erosive acids indicating higher longevity of the material in patients frequently exposed to either extrinsic or intrinsic acid. BioMed Central 2022-05-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9118722/ /pubmed/35590294 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02230-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Elraggal, Alaaeldin
Afifi, Rania
Abdelraheem, Islam
Effect of erosive media on microhardness and fracture toughness of CAD-CAM dental materials
title Effect of erosive media on microhardness and fracture toughness of CAD-CAM dental materials
title_full Effect of erosive media on microhardness and fracture toughness of CAD-CAM dental materials
title_fullStr Effect of erosive media on microhardness and fracture toughness of CAD-CAM dental materials
title_full_unstemmed Effect of erosive media on microhardness and fracture toughness of CAD-CAM dental materials
title_short Effect of erosive media on microhardness and fracture toughness of CAD-CAM dental materials
title_sort effect of erosive media on microhardness and fracture toughness of cad-cam dental materials
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9118722/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35590294
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02230-1
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