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Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) in athletes: a narrative review by a subgroup of the IOC Consensus on ‘acute respiratory illness in the athlete’
Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is caused by paradoxical inspiratory adduction of laryngeal structures during exercise. EILO is an important cause of upper airway dysfunction in young individuals and athletes, can impair exercise performance and mimic lower airway dysfunction, such as...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9120388/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35193856 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-104704 |
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author | Clemm, Hege Havstad Olin, J Tod McIntosh, Cameron Schwellnus, Martin Sewry, Nicola Hull, James H Halvorsen, Thomas |
author_facet | Clemm, Hege Havstad Olin, J Tod McIntosh, Cameron Schwellnus, Martin Sewry, Nicola Hull, James H Halvorsen, Thomas |
author_sort | Clemm, Hege Havstad |
collection | PubMed |
description | Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is caused by paradoxical inspiratory adduction of laryngeal structures during exercise. EILO is an important cause of upper airway dysfunction in young individuals and athletes, can impair exercise performance and mimic lower airway dysfunction, such as asthma and/or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Over the past two decades, there has been considerable progress in the recognition and assessment of EILO in sports medicine. EILO is a highly prevalent cause of unexplained dyspnoea and wheeze in athletes. The preferred diagnostic approach is continuous visualisation of the larynx (via laryngoscopy) during high-intensity exercise. Recent data suggest that EILO consists of different subtypes, possibly caused via different mechanisms. Several therapeutic interventions for EILO are now in widespread use, but to date, no randomised clinical trials have been performed to assess their efficacy or inform robust management strategies. The aim of this review is to provide a state-of-the-art overview of EILO and guidance for clinicians evaluating and treating suspected cases of EILO in athletes. Specifically, this review examines the pathophysiology of EILO, outlines a diagnostic approach and presents current therapeutic algorithms. The key unmet needs and future priorities for research in this area are also covered. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9120388 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91203882022-06-04 Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) in athletes: a narrative review by a subgroup of the IOC Consensus on ‘acute respiratory illness in the athlete’ Clemm, Hege Havstad Olin, J Tod McIntosh, Cameron Schwellnus, Martin Sewry, Nicola Hull, James H Halvorsen, Thomas Br J Sports Med Review Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is caused by paradoxical inspiratory adduction of laryngeal structures during exercise. EILO is an important cause of upper airway dysfunction in young individuals and athletes, can impair exercise performance and mimic lower airway dysfunction, such as asthma and/or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Over the past two decades, there has been considerable progress in the recognition and assessment of EILO in sports medicine. EILO is a highly prevalent cause of unexplained dyspnoea and wheeze in athletes. The preferred diagnostic approach is continuous visualisation of the larynx (via laryngoscopy) during high-intensity exercise. Recent data suggest that EILO consists of different subtypes, possibly caused via different mechanisms. Several therapeutic interventions for EILO are now in widespread use, but to date, no randomised clinical trials have been performed to assess their efficacy or inform robust management strategies. The aim of this review is to provide a state-of-the-art overview of EILO and guidance for clinicians evaluating and treating suspected cases of EILO in athletes. Specifically, this review examines the pathophysiology of EILO, outlines a diagnostic approach and presents current therapeutic algorithms. The key unmet needs and future priorities for research in this area are also covered. BMJ Publishing Group 2022-06 2022-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9120388/ /pubmed/35193856 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-104704 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Review Clemm, Hege Havstad Olin, J Tod McIntosh, Cameron Schwellnus, Martin Sewry, Nicola Hull, James H Halvorsen, Thomas Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) in athletes: a narrative review by a subgroup of the IOC Consensus on ‘acute respiratory illness in the athlete’ |
title | Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) in athletes: a narrative review by a subgroup of the IOC Consensus on ‘acute respiratory illness in the athlete’ |
title_full | Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) in athletes: a narrative review by a subgroup of the IOC Consensus on ‘acute respiratory illness in the athlete’ |
title_fullStr | Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) in athletes: a narrative review by a subgroup of the IOC Consensus on ‘acute respiratory illness in the athlete’ |
title_full_unstemmed | Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) in athletes: a narrative review by a subgroup of the IOC Consensus on ‘acute respiratory illness in the athlete’ |
title_short | Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) in athletes: a narrative review by a subgroup of the IOC Consensus on ‘acute respiratory illness in the athlete’ |
title_sort | exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (eilo) in athletes: a narrative review by a subgroup of the ioc consensus on ‘acute respiratory illness in the athlete’ |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9120388/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35193856 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-104704 |
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