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A self-organized critical model and multifractal analysis for earthquakes in Central Alborz, Iran
This paper is devoted to a phenomenological study of the earthquakes in central Alborz, Iran. Using three observational quantities, namely the weight function, the quality factor, and the velocity model in this region, we develop a modified dissipative sandpile model which captures the main features...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9120491/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35589782 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12362-7 |
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author | Rahimi-Majd, M. Shirzad, T. Najafi, M. N. |
author_facet | Rahimi-Majd, M. Shirzad, T. Najafi, M. N. |
author_sort | Rahimi-Majd, M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | This paper is devoted to a phenomenological study of the earthquakes in central Alborz, Iran. Using three observational quantities, namely the weight function, the quality factor, and the velocity model in this region, we develop a modified dissipative sandpile model which captures the main features of the system, especially the average activity field over the region of study. The model is based on external stimuli, the location of which is chosen (I) randomly, (II) on the faults, (III) on the low active points, (IV) on the moderately active points, and (V) on the highly active points in the region. We uncover some universal behaviors depending slightly on the method of external stimuli. A multi-fractal detrended fluctuation analysis is exploited to extract the spectrum of the Hurst exponent of the time series obtained by each of these schemes. Although the average Hurst exponent depends slightly on the method of stimuli, we numerically show that in all cases it is lower than 0.5, reflecting the anti-correlated nature of the system. The lowest average Hurst exponent is found to be associated with the case (V), in such a way that the more active the stimulated sites are, the lower the average Hurst exponent is obtained, i.e. the large earthquakes are more anticorrelated. Moreover, we find that the activity field achieved in this study provide information about the depth and topography of the basement, and also the area that can potentially be the location of the future large events. We successfully determine a high activity zone on the Mosha Fault, where the mainshock occurred on May 7th, 2020 (M[Formula: see text] 4.9). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9120491 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91204912022-05-21 A self-organized critical model and multifractal analysis for earthquakes in Central Alborz, Iran Rahimi-Majd, M. Shirzad, T. Najafi, M. N. Sci Rep Article This paper is devoted to a phenomenological study of the earthquakes in central Alborz, Iran. Using three observational quantities, namely the weight function, the quality factor, and the velocity model in this region, we develop a modified dissipative sandpile model which captures the main features of the system, especially the average activity field over the region of study. The model is based on external stimuli, the location of which is chosen (I) randomly, (II) on the faults, (III) on the low active points, (IV) on the moderately active points, and (V) on the highly active points in the region. We uncover some universal behaviors depending slightly on the method of external stimuli. A multi-fractal detrended fluctuation analysis is exploited to extract the spectrum of the Hurst exponent of the time series obtained by each of these schemes. Although the average Hurst exponent depends slightly on the method of stimuli, we numerically show that in all cases it is lower than 0.5, reflecting the anti-correlated nature of the system. The lowest average Hurst exponent is found to be associated with the case (V), in such a way that the more active the stimulated sites are, the lower the average Hurst exponent is obtained, i.e. the large earthquakes are more anticorrelated. Moreover, we find that the activity field achieved in this study provide information about the depth and topography of the basement, and also the area that can potentially be the location of the future large events. We successfully determine a high activity zone on the Mosha Fault, where the mainshock occurred on May 7th, 2020 (M[Formula: see text] 4.9). Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-05-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9120491/ /pubmed/35589782 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12362-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Rahimi-Majd, M. Shirzad, T. Najafi, M. N. A self-organized critical model and multifractal analysis for earthquakes in Central Alborz, Iran |
title | A self-organized critical model and multifractal analysis for earthquakes in Central Alborz, Iran |
title_full | A self-organized critical model and multifractal analysis for earthquakes in Central Alborz, Iran |
title_fullStr | A self-organized critical model and multifractal analysis for earthquakes in Central Alborz, Iran |
title_full_unstemmed | A self-organized critical model and multifractal analysis for earthquakes in Central Alborz, Iran |
title_short | A self-organized critical model and multifractal analysis for earthquakes in Central Alborz, Iran |
title_sort | self-organized critical model and multifractal analysis for earthquakes in central alborz, iran |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9120491/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35589782 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12362-7 |
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