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Methods to evaluate vascular function: a crucial approach towards predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine

Endothelium, the gatekeeper of our blood vessels, is highly heterogeneous and a crucial physical barrier with the ability to produce vasoactive and protective mediators under physiological conditions. It regulates vascular tone, haemostasis, vascular inflammation, remodelling, and angiogenesis. Seve...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Sena, Cristina M., Gonçalves, Lino, Seiça, Raquel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9120812/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35611340
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13167-022-00280-7
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author Sena, Cristina M.
Gonçalves, Lino
Seiça, Raquel
author_facet Sena, Cristina M.
Gonçalves, Lino
Seiça, Raquel
author_sort Sena, Cristina M.
collection PubMed
description Endothelium, the gatekeeper of our blood vessels, is highly heterogeneous and a crucial physical barrier with the ability to produce vasoactive and protective mediators under physiological conditions. It regulates vascular tone, haemostasis, vascular inflammation, remodelling, and angiogenesis. Several cardio-, reno-, and cerebrovascular diseases begin with the dysfunction of endothelial cells, and more recently, COVID-19 was also associated with endothelial disease highlighting the need to monitor its function towards prevention and reduction of vascular dysfunction. Endothelial cells are an important therapeutic target in predictive, preventive, and personalised (3P) medicine with upmost importance in vascular diseases. The development of novel non-invasive techniques to access endothelial dysfunction for use in combination with existing clinical imaging modalities provides a feasible opportunity to reduce the burden of vascular disease. This review summarises recent advances in the principles of endothelial function measurements. This article presents an overview of invasive and non-invasive techniques to determine vascular function and their major advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the article describes mechanisms underlying the regulation of vascular function and dysfunction and potential new biomarkers of endothelial damage. Recognising these biomarkers is fundamental towards a shift from reactive to 3P medicine in the vascular field. Identifying vascular dysfunction earlier with non-invasive or minimally invasive techniques adds value to predictive diagnostics and targeted prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary care). In addition, vascular dysfunction is a potential target for treatments tailored to the person.
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spelling pubmed-91208122022-05-20 Methods to evaluate vascular function: a crucial approach towards predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine Sena, Cristina M. Gonçalves, Lino Seiça, Raquel EPMA J Review Endothelium, the gatekeeper of our blood vessels, is highly heterogeneous and a crucial physical barrier with the ability to produce vasoactive and protective mediators under physiological conditions. It regulates vascular tone, haemostasis, vascular inflammation, remodelling, and angiogenesis. Several cardio-, reno-, and cerebrovascular diseases begin with the dysfunction of endothelial cells, and more recently, COVID-19 was also associated with endothelial disease highlighting the need to monitor its function towards prevention and reduction of vascular dysfunction. Endothelial cells are an important therapeutic target in predictive, preventive, and personalised (3P) medicine with upmost importance in vascular diseases. The development of novel non-invasive techniques to access endothelial dysfunction for use in combination with existing clinical imaging modalities provides a feasible opportunity to reduce the burden of vascular disease. This review summarises recent advances in the principles of endothelial function measurements. This article presents an overview of invasive and non-invasive techniques to determine vascular function and their major advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the article describes mechanisms underlying the regulation of vascular function and dysfunction and potential new biomarkers of endothelial damage. Recognising these biomarkers is fundamental towards a shift from reactive to 3P medicine in the vascular field. Identifying vascular dysfunction earlier with non-invasive or minimally invasive techniques adds value to predictive diagnostics and targeted prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary care). In addition, vascular dysfunction is a potential target for treatments tailored to the person. Springer International Publishing 2022-05-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9120812/ /pubmed/35611340 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13167-022-00280-7 Text en © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (EPMA) 2022 http://smart.servier.comSome of the figures presented in this article were created using templates from the Servier Medical Art (http://smart.servier.com), under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
spellingShingle Review
Sena, Cristina M.
Gonçalves, Lino
Seiça, Raquel
Methods to evaluate vascular function: a crucial approach towards predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine
title Methods to evaluate vascular function: a crucial approach towards predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine
title_full Methods to evaluate vascular function: a crucial approach towards predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine
title_fullStr Methods to evaluate vascular function: a crucial approach towards predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine
title_full_unstemmed Methods to evaluate vascular function: a crucial approach towards predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine
title_short Methods to evaluate vascular function: a crucial approach towards predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine
title_sort methods to evaluate vascular function: a crucial approach towards predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9120812/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35611340
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13167-022-00280-7
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