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Bark Beetle Attack History Does Not Influence the Induction of Terpene and Phenolic Defenses in Mature Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Trees by the Bark Beetle-Associated Fungus Endoconidiophora polonica

Terpenes and phenolics are important constitutive and inducible conifer defenses against bark beetles and their associated fungi. In this study, the inducible defenses of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees with different histories of attack by the spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus were teste...

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Autores principales: Nagel, Raimund, Hammerbacher, Almuth, Kunert, Grit, Phillips, Michael A., Gershenzon, Jonathan, Schmidt, Axel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9120863/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35599904
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.892907
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author Nagel, Raimund
Hammerbacher, Almuth
Kunert, Grit
Phillips, Michael A.
Gershenzon, Jonathan
Schmidt, Axel
author_facet Nagel, Raimund
Hammerbacher, Almuth
Kunert, Grit
Phillips, Michael A.
Gershenzon, Jonathan
Schmidt, Axel
author_sort Nagel, Raimund
collection PubMed
description Terpenes and phenolics are important constitutive and inducible conifer defenses against bark beetles and their associated fungi. In this study, the inducible defenses of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees with different histories of attack by the spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus were tested by inoculation with the I. typographus-associated fungus Endoconidiophora polonica. We compared trees that had been under previous attack with those under current attack and those that had no record of attack. After fungal inoculation, the concentrations of mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenes in bark increased 3- to 9-fold. For the phenolics, the flavan-3-ols, catechin, and gallocatechin, increased significantly by 2- and 5-fold, respectively, while other flavonoids and stilbenes did not. The magnitudes of these inductions were not influenced by prior bark beetle attack history for all the major compounds and compound classes measured. Before fungal inoculation, the total amounts of monoterpenes, diterpenes, and phenolics (constitutive defenses) were greater in trees that had been previously attacked compared to those under current attack, possibly a result of previous induction. The transcript levels of many genes involved in terpene formation (isoprenyl diphosphate synthases and terpene synthases) and phenolic formation (chalcone synthases) were significantly enhanced by fungal inoculation suggesting de novo biosynthesis. Similar inductions were found for the enzymatic activity of isoprenyl diphosphate synthases and the concentration of their prenyl diphosphate products after fungal inoculation. Quantification of defense hormones revealed a significant induction of the jasmonate pathway, but not the salicylic acid pathway after fungal inoculation. Our data highlight the coordinated induction of terpenes and phenolics in spruce upon infection by E. polonica, a fungal associate of the bark beetle I. typographus, but provide no evidence for the priming of these defense responses by prior beetle attack.
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spelling pubmed-91208632022-05-21 Bark Beetle Attack History Does Not Influence the Induction of Terpene and Phenolic Defenses in Mature Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Trees by the Bark Beetle-Associated Fungus Endoconidiophora polonica Nagel, Raimund Hammerbacher, Almuth Kunert, Grit Phillips, Michael A. Gershenzon, Jonathan Schmidt, Axel Front Plant Sci Plant Science Terpenes and phenolics are important constitutive and inducible conifer defenses against bark beetles and their associated fungi. In this study, the inducible defenses of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees with different histories of attack by the spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus were tested by inoculation with the I. typographus-associated fungus Endoconidiophora polonica. We compared trees that had been under previous attack with those under current attack and those that had no record of attack. After fungal inoculation, the concentrations of mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenes in bark increased 3- to 9-fold. For the phenolics, the flavan-3-ols, catechin, and gallocatechin, increased significantly by 2- and 5-fold, respectively, while other flavonoids and stilbenes did not. The magnitudes of these inductions were not influenced by prior bark beetle attack history for all the major compounds and compound classes measured. Before fungal inoculation, the total amounts of monoterpenes, diterpenes, and phenolics (constitutive defenses) were greater in trees that had been previously attacked compared to those under current attack, possibly a result of previous induction. The transcript levels of many genes involved in terpene formation (isoprenyl diphosphate synthases and terpene synthases) and phenolic formation (chalcone synthases) were significantly enhanced by fungal inoculation suggesting de novo biosynthesis. Similar inductions were found for the enzymatic activity of isoprenyl diphosphate synthases and the concentration of their prenyl diphosphate products after fungal inoculation. Quantification of defense hormones revealed a significant induction of the jasmonate pathway, but not the salicylic acid pathway after fungal inoculation. Our data highlight the coordinated induction of terpenes and phenolics in spruce upon infection by E. polonica, a fungal associate of the bark beetle I. typographus, but provide no evidence for the priming of these defense responses by prior beetle attack. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9120863/ /pubmed/35599904 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.892907 Text en Copyright © 2022 Nagel, Hammerbacher, Kunert, Phillips, Gershenzon and Schmidt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Nagel, Raimund
Hammerbacher, Almuth
Kunert, Grit
Phillips, Michael A.
Gershenzon, Jonathan
Schmidt, Axel
Bark Beetle Attack History Does Not Influence the Induction of Terpene and Phenolic Defenses in Mature Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Trees by the Bark Beetle-Associated Fungus Endoconidiophora polonica
title Bark Beetle Attack History Does Not Influence the Induction of Terpene and Phenolic Defenses in Mature Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Trees by the Bark Beetle-Associated Fungus Endoconidiophora polonica
title_full Bark Beetle Attack History Does Not Influence the Induction of Terpene and Phenolic Defenses in Mature Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Trees by the Bark Beetle-Associated Fungus Endoconidiophora polonica
title_fullStr Bark Beetle Attack History Does Not Influence the Induction of Terpene and Phenolic Defenses in Mature Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Trees by the Bark Beetle-Associated Fungus Endoconidiophora polonica
title_full_unstemmed Bark Beetle Attack History Does Not Influence the Induction of Terpene and Phenolic Defenses in Mature Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Trees by the Bark Beetle-Associated Fungus Endoconidiophora polonica
title_short Bark Beetle Attack History Does Not Influence the Induction of Terpene and Phenolic Defenses in Mature Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Trees by the Bark Beetle-Associated Fungus Endoconidiophora polonica
title_sort bark beetle attack history does not influence the induction of terpene and phenolic defenses in mature norway spruce (picea abies) trees by the bark beetle-associated fungus endoconidiophora polonica
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9120863/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35599904
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.892907
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