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Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Accurate Diagnosis of Acute HIV Infection with Aseptic Meningitis: A Case Report

BACKGROUND: Although individuals infected with HIV for the first time manifest a series of acute syndromes, most patients show mild or no symptoms, which complicates the initial clinical diagnosis. Early diagnosis is important for effective prevention and management of patients. Metagenomic next-gen...

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Autores principales: Zhou, Jing, Fu, Miao, Zhang, Dehe, Xu, Yejin, Lian, Jiangshan, Xu, Hanglu, Zhang, Yang, Chen, Haijun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9122666/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35600493
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S361049
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author Zhou, Jing
Fu, Miao
Zhang, Dehe
Xu, Yejin
Lian, Jiangshan
Xu, Hanglu
Zhang, Yang
Chen, Haijun
author_facet Zhou, Jing
Fu, Miao
Zhang, Dehe
Xu, Yejin
Lian, Jiangshan
Xu, Hanglu
Zhang, Yang
Chen, Haijun
author_sort Zhou, Jing
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Although individuals infected with HIV for the first time manifest a series of acute syndromes, most patients show mild or no symptoms, which complicates the initial clinical diagnosis. Early diagnosis is important for effective prevention and management of patients. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing technology (mNGS) can rapidly detect a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms, even in atypical cases. However, to date, few studies have reported the application of mNGS to diagnose acute HIV infection with aseptic meningitis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old man was admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases due to repeated fever, headache, and scattered rashes on his limbs. Routine blood analysis revealed elevated absolute lymphocytes and monocytes. Moreover, monocytes were found to be significantly increased following a lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid detection. mNGS results revealed the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), with HIV RNA of 910 copies/mL in his cerebrospinal fluid. The HIV antigen/antibody test was negative. According to a study by Fie Big et al, a clear diagnosis of acute HIV infection at Fiebig stage I. The patient’s condition improved after treatment, and he was prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART) after discharge. CONCLUSION: Aseptic meningitis is easily misdiagnosed during the initial stages of acute HIV infection. mNGS can be used to identify the pathogen early, rapidly, and accurately, thereby improving the treatment of acute HIV infections.
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spelling pubmed-91226662022-05-21 Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Accurate Diagnosis of Acute HIV Infection with Aseptic Meningitis: A Case Report Zhou, Jing Fu, Miao Zhang, Dehe Xu, Yejin Lian, Jiangshan Xu, Hanglu Zhang, Yang Chen, Haijun Infect Drug Resist Case Report BACKGROUND: Although individuals infected with HIV for the first time manifest a series of acute syndromes, most patients show mild or no symptoms, which complicates the initial clinical diagnosis. Early diagnosis is important for effective prevention and management of patients. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing technology (mNGS) can rapidly detect a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms, even in atypical cases. However, to date, few studies have reported the application of mNGS to diagnose acute HIV infection with aseptic meningitis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old man was admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases due to repeated fever, headache, and scattered rashes on his limbs. Routine blood analysis revealed elevated absolute lymphocytes and monocytes. Moreover, monocytes were found to be significantly increased following a lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid detection. mNGS results revealed the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), with HIV RNA of 910 copies/mL in his cerebrospinal fluid. The HIV antigen/antibody test was negative. According to a study by Fie Big et al, a clear diagnosis of acute HIV infection at Fiebig stage I. The patient’s condition improved after treatment, and he was prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART) after discharge. CONCLUSION: Aseptic meningitis is easily misdiagnosed during the initial stages of acute HIV infection. mNGS can be used to identify the pathogen early, rapidly, and accurately, thereby improving the treatment of acute HIV infections. Dove 2022-05-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9122666/ /pubmed/35600493 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S361049 Text en © 2022 Zhou et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) ). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).
spellingShingle Case Report
Zhou, Jing
Fu, Miao
Zhang, Dehe
Xu, Yejin
Lian, Jiangshan
Xu, Hanglu
Zhang, Yang
Chen, Haijun
Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Accurate Diagnosis of Acute HIV Infection with Aseptic Meningitis: A Case Report
title Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Accurate Diagnosis of Acute HIV Infection with Aseptic Meningitis: A Case Report
title_full Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Accurate Diagnosis of Acute HIV Infection with Aseptic Meningitis: A Case Report
title_fullStr Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Accurate Diagnosis of Acute HIV Infection with Aseptic Meningitis: A Case Report
title_full_unstemmed Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Accurate Diagnosis of Acute HIV Infection with Aseptic Meningitis: A Case Report
title_short Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Accurate Diagnosis of Acute HIV Infection with Aseptic Meningitis: A Case Report
title_sort metagenomic next-generation sequencing for accurate diagnosis of acute hiv infection with aseptic meningitis: a case report
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9122666/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35600493
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S361049
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