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Memory, switches, and an OR-port through bistability in chemically fueled crystals
The ability to store information in chemical reaction networks is essential for the complex behavior we associate with life. In biology, cellular memory is regulated through transcriptional states that are bistable, i.e., a state that can either be on or off and can be flipped from one to another th...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9122941/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35595758 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30424-2 |
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author | Schnitter, Fabian Rieß, Benedikt Jandl, Christian Boekhoven, Job |
author_facet | Schnitter, Fabian Rieß, Benedikt Jandl, Christian Boekhoven, Job |
author_sort | Schnitter, Fabian |
collection | PubMed |
description | The ability to store information in chemical reaction networks is essential for the complex behavior we associate with life. In biology, cellular memory is regulated through transcriptional states that are bistable, i.e., a state that can either be on or off and can be flipped from one to another through a transient signal. Such memory circuits have been realized synthetically through the rewiring of genetic systems in vivo or through the rational design of reaction networks based on DNA and highly evolved enzymes in vitro. Completely bottom-up analogs based on small molecules are rare and hard to design and thus represent a challenge for systems chemistry. In this work, we show that bistability can be designed from a simple non-equilibrium reaction cycle that is coupled to crystallization. The crystals exert the necessary feedback on the reaction cycle required for the bistability resulting in an on-state with assemblies and an off-state without. Each state represents volatile memory that can be stored in continuously stirred tank reactors indefinitely even though molecules are turned over on a minute-timescale. We showcase the system’s abilities by creating a matrix display that can store images and by creating an OR-gate by coupling several switches together. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9122941 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91229412022-05-22 Memory, switches, and an OR-port through bistability in chemically fueled crystals Schnitter, Fabian Rieß, Benedikt Jandl, Christian Boekhoven, Job Nat Commun Article The ability to store information in chemical reaction networks is essential for the complex behavior we associate with life. In biology, cellular memory is regulated through transcriptional states that are bistable, i.e., a state that can either be on or off and can be flipped from one to another through a transient signal. Such memory circuits have been realized synthetically through the rewiring of genetic systems in vivo or through the rational design of reaction networks based on DNA and highly evolved enzymes in vitro. Completely bottom-up analogs based on small molecules are rare and hard to design and thus represent a challenge for systems chemistry. In this work, we show that bistability can be designed from a simple non-equilibrium reaction cycle that is coupled to crystallization. The crystals exert the necessary feedback on the reaction cycle required for the bistability resulting in an on-state with assemblies and an off-state without. Each state represents volatile memory that can be stored in continuously stirred tank reactors indefinitely even though molecules are turned over on a minute-timescale. We showcase the system’s abilities by creating a matrix display that can store images and by creating an OR-gate by coupling several switches together. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-05-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9122941/ /pubmed/35595758 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30424-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Schnitter, Fabian Rieß, Benedikt Jandl, Christian Boekhoven, Job Memory, switches, and an OR-port through bistability in chemically fueled crystals |
title | Memory, switches, and an OR-port through bistability in chemically fueled crystals |
title_full | Memory, switches, and an OR-port through bistability in chemically fueled crystals |
title_fullStr | Memory, switches, and an OR-port through bistability in chemically fueled crystals |
title_full_unstemmed | Memory, switches, and an OR-port through bistability in chemically fueled crystals |
title_short | Memory, switches, and an OR-port through bistability in chemically fueled crystals |
title_sort | memory, switches, and an or-port through bistability in chemically fueled crystals |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9122941/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35595758 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30424-2 |
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