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Metabolite Profile, Ruminal Methane Reduction, and Microbiome Modulating Potential of Seeds of Pharbitis nil
We identified metabolites in the seeds of Pharbitis nil (PA) and evaluated their effects on rumen methanogenesis, fiber digestibility, and the rumen microbiome in vitro and in sacco. Four rumen-cannulated Holstein steers (mean body weight 507 ± 32 kg) were used as inoculum donor for in vitro trial a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9125194/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35615517 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.892605 |
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author | Bharanidharan, Rajaraman Thirugnanasambantham, Krishnaraj Ibidhi, Ridha Baik, Myunggi Kim, Tae Hoon Lee, Yookyung Kim, Kyoung Hoon |
author_facet | Bharanidharan, Rajaraman Thirugnanasambantham, Krishnaraj Ibidhi, Ridha Baik, Myunggi Kim, Tae Hoon Lee, Yookyung Kim, Kyoung Hoon |
author_sort | Bharanidharan, Rajaraman |
collection | PubMed |
description | We identified metabolites in the seeds of Pharbitis nil (PA) and evaluated their effects on rumen methanogenesis, fiber digestibility, and the rumen microbiome in vitro and in sacco. Four rumen-cannulated Holstein steers (mean body weight 507 ± 32 kg) were used as inoculum donor for in vitro trial and live continuous culture system for in sacco trial. PA was tested in vitro at doses ranging from 4.5 to 45.2% dry matter (DM) substrate. The in sacco trial was divided into three phases: a control phase of 10 days without nylon bags containing PA in the rumen, a treatment phase of 11 days in which nylon bags containing PA (180 g) were placed in the rumen, and a recovery phase of 10 days after removing the PA-containing bags from the rumen. Rumen headspace gas and rumen fluid samples were collected directly from the rumen. PA is enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids dominated by linoleic acid (C18:2) and flavonoids such as chlorogenate, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and quinic acid derivatives. PA decreased (p < 0.001) methane (CH(4)) production linearly in vitro with a reduction of 24% at doses as low as 4.5% DM substrate. A quadratic increase (p = 0.078) in neutral detergent fiber digestibility was also noted, demonstrating that doses < 9% DM were optimal for simultaneously enhancing digestibility and CH(4) reduction. In sacco, a 50% decrease (p = 0.087) in CH(4) coupled with an increase in propionate suggested increased biohydrogenation in the treatment phase. A decrease (p < 0.005) in ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH(3)-N) was also noted with PA in the rumen. Analysis of the rumen microbiome revealed a decrease (p < 0.001) in the Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio, suggesting PA to have antiprotozoal potential. At the genus level, a 78% decrease in Prevotella spp. and a moderate increase in fibrolytic Ruminococcus spp. were noted in the treatment phase. In silico binding of PA metabolites to cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase of Entodinium caudatum supported the antiprotozoal effect of PA. Overall, based on its high nutrient value and antiprotozoal activity, PA could probably replace the ionophores used for CH(4) abatement in the livestock industry. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9125194 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91251942022-05-24 Metabolite Profile, Ruminal Methane Reduction, and Microbiome Modulating Potential of Seeds of Pharbitis nil Bharanidharan, Rajaraman Thirugnanasambantham, Krishnaraj Ibidhi, Ridha Baik, Myunggi Kim, Tae Hoon Lee, Yookyung Kim, Kyoung Hoon Front Microbiol Microbiology We identified metabolites in the seeds of Pharbitis nil (PA) and evaluated their effects on rumen methanogenesis, fiber digestibility, and the rumen microbiome in vitro and in sacco. Four rumen-cannulated Holstein steers (mean body weight 507 ± 32 kg) were used as inoculum donor for in vitro trial and live continuous culture system for in sacco trial. PA was tested in vitro at doses ranging from 4.5 to 45.2% dry matter (DM) substrate. The in sacco trial was divided into three phases: a control phase of 10 days without nylon bags containing PA in the rumen, a treatment phase of 11 days in which nylon bags containing PA (180 g) were placed in the rumen, and a recovery phase of 10 days after removing the PA-containing bags from the rumen. Rumen headspace gas and rumen fluid samples were collected directly from the rumen. PA is enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids dominated by linoleic acid (C18:2) and flavonoids such as chlorogenate, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and quinic acid derivatives. PA decreased (p < 0.001) methane (CH(4)) production linearly in vitro with a reduction of 24% at doses as low as 4.5% DM substrate. A quadratic increase (p = 0.078) in neutral detergent fiber digestibility was also noted, demonstrating that doses < 9% DM were optimal for simultaneously enhancing digestibility and CH(4) reduction. In sacco, a 50% decrease (p = 0.087) in CH(4) coupled with an increase in propionate suggested increased biohydrogenation in the treatment phase. A decrease (p < 0.005) in ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH(3)-N) was also noted with PA in the rumen. Analysis of the rumen microbiome revealed a decrease (p < 0.001) in the Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio, suggesting PA to have antiprotozoal potential. At the genus level, a 78% decrease in Prevotella spp. and a moderate increase in fibrolytic Ruminococcus spp. were noted in the treatment phase. In silico binding of PA metabolites to cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase of Entodinium caudatum supported the antiprotozoal effect of PA. Overall, based on its high nutrient value and antiprotozoal activity, PA could probably replace the ionophores used for CH(4) abatement in the livestock industry. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9125194/ /pubmed/35615517 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.892605 Text en Copyright © 2022 Bharanidharan, Thirugnanasambantham, Ibidhi, Baik, Kim, Lee and Kim. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Bharanidharan, Rajaraman Thirugnanasambantham, Krishnaraj Ibidhi, Ridha Baik, Myunggi Kim, Tae Hoon Lee, Yookyung Kim, Kyoung Hoon Metabolite Profile, Ruminal Methane Reduction, and Microbiome Modulating Potential of Seeds of Pharbitis nil |
title | Metabolite Profile, Ruminal Methane Reduction, and Microbiome Modulating Potential of Seeds of Pharbitis nil |
title_full | Metabolite Profile, Ruminal Methane Reduction, and Microbiome Modulating Potential of Seeds of Pharbitis nil |
title_fullStr | Metabolite Profile, Ruminal Methane Reduction, and Microbiome Modulating Potential of Seeds of Pharbitis nil |
title_full_unstemmed | Metabolite Profile, Ruminal Methane Reduction, and Microbiome Modulating Potential of Seeds of Pharbitis nil |
title_short | Metabolite Profile, Ruminal Methane Reduction, and Microbiome Modulating Potential of Seeds of Pharbitis nil |
title_sort | metabolite profile, ruminal methane reduction, and microbiome modulating potential of seeds of pharbitis nil |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9125194/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35615517 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.892605 |
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