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Identifying Age Based Maturation in the ERP Response to Faces in Children With Autism: Implications for Developing Biomarkers for Use in Clinical Trials
Recent proposals have suggested the potential for neural biomarkers to improve clinical trial processes in neurodevelopmental conditions; however, few efforts have identified whether chronological age-based adjustments will be necessary (as used in standardized behavioral assessments). Event-related...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9126041/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35615454 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.841236 |
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author | Webb, Sara Jane Emerman, Iris Sugar, Catherine Senturk, Damla Naples, Adam J. Faja, Susan Benton, Jessica Borland, Heather Carlos, Carter Levin, April R. McAllister, Takumi Santhosh, Megha Bernier, Raphael A. Chawarska, Katarzyna Dawson, Geraldine Dziura, James Jeste, Shafali Kleinhans, Natalia Murias, Michael Sabatos-DeVito, Maura Shic, Frederick McPartland, James C. |
author_facet | Webb, Sara Jane Emerman, Iris Sugar, Catherine Senturk, Damla Naples, Adam J. Faja, Susan Benton, Jessica Borland, Heather Carlos, Carter Levin, April R. McAllister, Takumi Santhosh, Megha Bernier, Raphael A. Chawarska, Katarzyna Dawson, Geraldine Dziura, James Jeste, Shafali Kleinhans, Natalia Murias, Michael Sabatos-DeVito, Maura Shic, Frederick McPartland, James C. |
author_sort | Webb, Sara Jane |
collection | PubMed |
description | Recent proposals have suggested the potential for neural biomarkers to improve clinical trial processes in neurodevelopmental conditions; however, few efforts have identified whether chronological age-based adjustments will be necessary (as used in standardized behavioral assessments). Event-related potentials (ERPs) demonstrate early differences in the processing of faces vs. objects in the visual processing system by 4 years of age and age-based improvement (decreases in latency) through adolescence. Additionally, face processing has been proposed to be related to social skills as well as autistic social-communication traits. While previous reports suggest delayed latency in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), extensive individual and age based heterogeneity exists. In this report, we utilize a sample of 252 children with ASD and 118 children with typical development (TD), to assess the N170 and P100 ERP component latencies (N170L and P100L, respectively), to upright faces, the face specificity effect (difference between face and object processing), and the inversion effect (difference between face upright and inverted processing) in relation to age. First, linear mixed models (LMMs) were fitted with fixed effect of age at testing and random effect of participant, using all available data points to characterize general age-based development in the TD and ASD groups. Second, LMM models using only the TD group were used to calculate age-based residuals in both groups. The purpose of residualization was to assess how much variation in ASD participants could be accounted for by chronological age-related changes. Our data demonstrate that the N170L and P100L responses to upright faces appeared to follow a roughly linear relationship with age. In the ASD group, the distribution of the age-adjusted residual values suggest that ASD participants were more likely to demonstrate slower latencies than would be expected for a TD child of the same age, similar to what has been identified using unadjusted values. Lastly, using age-adjusted values for stratification, we found that children who demonstrated slowed age-adjusted N170L had lower verbal and non-verbal IQ and worse face memory. These data suggest that age must be considered in assessing the N170L and P100L response to upright faces as well, and these adjusted values may be used to stratify children within the autism spectrum. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9126041 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91260412022-05-24 Identifying Age Based Maturation in the ERP Response to Faces in Children With Autism: Implications for Developing Biomarkers for Use in Clinical Trials Webb, Sara Jane Emerman, Iris Sugar, Catherine Senturk, Damla Naples, Adam J. Faja, Susan Benton, Jessica Borland, Heather Carlos, Carter Levin, April R. McAllister, Takumi Santhosh, Megha Bernier, Raphael A. Chawarska, Katarzyna Dawson, Geraldine Dziura, James Jeste, Shafali Kleinhans, Natalia Murias, Michael Sabatos-DeVito, Maura Shic, Frederick McPartland, James C. Front Psychiatry Psychiatry Recent proposals have suggested the potential for neural biomarkers to improve clinical trial processes in neurodevelopmental conditions; however, few efforts have identified whether chronological age-based adjustments will be necessary (as used in standardized behavioral assessments). Event-related potentials (ERPs) demonstrate early differences in the processing of faces vs. objects in the visual processing system by 4 years of age and age-based improvement (decreases in latency) through adolescence. Additionally, face processing has been proposed to be related to social skills as well as autistic social-communication traits. While previous reports suggest delayed latency in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), extensive individual and age based heterogeneity exists. In this report, we utilize a sample of 252 children with ASD and 118 children with typical development (TD), to assess the N170 and P100 ERP component latencies (N170L and P100L, respectively), to upright faces, the face specificity effect (difference between face and object processing), and the inversion effect (difference between face upright and inverted processing) in relation to age. First, linear mixed models (LMMs) were fitted with fixed effect of age at testing and random effect of participant, using all available data points to characterize general age-based development in the TD and ASD groups. Second, LMM models using only the TD group were used to calculate age-based residuals in both groups. The purpose of residualization was to assess how much variation in ASD participants could be accounted for by chronological age-related changes. Our data demonstrate that the N170L and P100L responses to upright faces appeared to follow a roughly linear relationship with age. In the ASD group, the distribution of the age-adjusted residual values suggest that ASD participants were more likely to demonstrate slower latencies than would be expected for a TD child of the same age, similar to what has been identified using unadjusted values. Lastly, using age-adjusted values for stratification, we found that children who demonstrated slowed age-adjusted N170L had lower verbal and non-verbal IQ and worse face memory. These data suggest that age must be considered in assessing the N170L and P100L response to upright faces as well, and these adjusted values may be used to stratify children within the autism spectrum. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9126041/ /pubmed/35615454 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.841236 Text en Copyright © 2022 Webb, Emerman, Sugar, Senturk, Naples, Faja, Benton, Borland, Carlos, Levin, McAllister, Santhosh, Bernier, Chawarska, Dawson, Dziura, Jeste, Kleinhans, Murias, Sabatos-DeVito, Shic, McPartland and the Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychiatry Webb, Sara Jane Emerman, Iris Sugar, Catherine Senturk, Damla Naples, Adam J. Faja, Susan Benton, Jessica Borland, Heather Carlos, Carter Levin, April R. McAllister, Takumi Santhosh, Megha Bernier, Raphael A. Chawarska, Katarzyna Dawson, Geraldine Dziura, James Jeste, Shafali Kleinhans, Natalia Murias, Michael Sabatos-DeVito, Maura Shic, Frederick McPartland, James C. Identifying Age Based Maturation in the ERP Response to Faces in Children With Autism: Implications for Developing Biomarkers for Use in Clinical Trials |
title | Identifying Age Based Maturation in the ERP Response to Faces in Children With Autism: Implications for Developing Biomarkers for Use in Clinical Trials |
title_full | Identifying Age Based Maturation in the ERP Response to Faces in Children With Autism: Implications for Developing Biomarkers for Use in Clinical Trials |
title_fullStr | Identifying Age Based Maturation in the ERP Response to Faces in Children With Autism: Implications for Developing Biomarkers for Use in Clinical Trials |
title_full_unstemmed | Identifying Age Based Maturation in the ERP Response to Faces in Children With Autism: Implications for Developing Biomarkers for Use in Clinical Trials |
title_short | Identifying Age Based Maturation in the ERP Response to Faces in Children With Autism: Implications for Developing Biomarkers for Use in Clinical Trials |
title_sort | identifying age based maturation in the erp response to faces in children with autism: implications for developing biomarkers for use in clinical trials |
topic | Psychiatry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9126041/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35615454 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.841236 |
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