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Analgesic Alkaloids Derived From Traditional Chinese Medicine in Pain Management

Chronic pain is one of the most prevalent health problems. The establishment of chronic pain is complex. Current medication for chronic pain mainly dependent on anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants and opioidergic drugs. However, they have limited therapeutic efficacy, and some even with sever...

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Autores principales: Jiang, Wei, Tang, Mingze, Yang, Limin, Zhao, Xu, Gao, Jun, Jiao, Yue, Li, Tao, Tie, Cai, Gao, Tianle, Han, Yanxing, Jiang, Jian-Dong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9127080/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35620295
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.851508
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author Jiang, Wei
Tang, Mingze
Yang, Limin
Zhao, Xu
Gao, Jun
Jiao, Yue
Li, Tao
Tie, Cai
Gao, Tianle
Han, Yanxing
Jiang, Jian-Dong
author_facet Jiang, Wei
Tang, Mingze
Yang, Limin
Zhao, Xu
Gao, Jun
Jiao, Yue
Li, Tao
Tie, Cai
Gao, Tianle
Han, Yanxing
Jiang, Jian-Dong
author_sort Jiang, Wei
collection PubMed
description Chronic pain is one of the most prevalent health problems. The establishment of chronic pain is complex. Current medication for chronic pain mainly dependent on anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants and opioidergic drugs. However, they have limited therapeutic efficacy, and some even with severe side effects. We turned our interest into alkaloids separated from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), that usually act on multiple drug targets. In this article, we introduced the best-studied analgesic alkaloids derived from TCM, including tetrahydropalmatine, aloperine, oxysophocarpine, matrine, sinomenine, ligustrazine, evodiamine, brucine, tetrandrine, Stopholidine, and lappaconitine, focusing on their mechanisms and potential clinical applications. To better describe the mechanism of these alkaloids, we adopted the concept of drug-cloud (dCloud) theory. dCloud illustrated the full therapeutic spectrum of multitarget analgesics with two dimensions, which are “direct efficacy”, including inhibition of ion channels, activating γ-Aminobutyric Acid/opioid receptors, to suppress pain signal directly; and “background efficacy”, including reducing neuronal inflammation/oxidative stress, inhibition of glial cell activation, restoring the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, to cure the root causes of chronic pain. Empirical evidence showed drug combination is beneficial to 30–50% chronic pain patients. To promote the discovery of effective analgesic combinations, we introduced an ancient Chinese therapeutic regimen that combines herbal drugs with “Jun”, “Chen”, “Zuo”, and “Shi” properties. In dCloud, “Jun” drug acts directly on the major symptom of the disease; “Chen” drug generates major background effects; “Zuo” drug has salutary and supportive functions; and “Shi” drug facilitates drug delivery to the targeted tissue. Subsequently, using this concept, we interpreted the therapeutic effect of established analgesic compositions containing TCM derived analgesic alkaloids, which may contribute to the establishment of an alternative drug discovery model.
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spelling pubmed-91270802022-05-25 Analgesic Alkaloids Derived From Traditional Chinese Medicine in Pain Management Jiang, Wei Tang, Mingze Yang, Limin Zhao, Xu Gao, Jun Jiao, Yue Li, Tao Tie, Cai Gao, Tianle Han, Yanxing Jiang, Jian-Dong Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Chronic pain is one of the most prevalent health problems. The establishment of chronic pain is complex. Current medication for chronic pain mainly dependent on anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants and opioidergic drugs. However, they have limited therapeutic efficacy, and some even with severe side effects. We turned our interest into alkaloids separated from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), that usually act on multiple drug targets. In this article, we introduced the best-studied analgesic alkaloids derived from TCM, including tetrahydropalmatine, aloperine, oxysophocarpine, matrine, sinomenine, ligustrazine, evodiamine, brucine, tetrandrine, Stopholidine, and lappaconitine, focusing on their mechanisms and potential clinical applications. To better describe the mechanism of these alkaloids, we adopted the concept of drug-cloud (dCloud) theory. dCloud illustrated the full therapeutic spectrum of multitarget analgesics with two dimensions, which are “direct efficacy”, including inhibition of ion channels, activating γ-Aminobutyric Acid/opioid receptors, to suppress pain signal directly; and “background efficacy”, including reducing neuronal inflammation/oxidative stress, inhibition of glial cell activation, restoring the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, to cure the root causes of chronic pain. Empirical evidence showed drug combination is beneficial to 30–50% chronic pain patients. To promote the discovery of effective analgesic combinations, we introduced an ancient Chinese therapeutic regimen that combines herbal drugs with “Jun”, “Chen”, “Zuo”, and “Shi” properties. In dCloud, “Jun” drug acts directly on the major symptom of the disease; “Chen” drug generates major background effects; “Zuo” drug has salutary and supportive functions; and “Shi” drug facilitates drug delivery to the targeted tissue. Subsequently, using this concept, we interpreted the therapeutic effect of established analgesic compositions containing TCM derived analgesic alkaloids, which may contribute to the establishment of an alternative drug discovery model. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9127080/ /pubmed/35620295 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.851508 Text en Copyright © 2022 Jiang, Tang, Yang, Zhao, Gao, Jiao, Li, Tie, Gao, Han and Jiang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Pharmacology
Jiang, Wei
Tang, Mingze
Yang, Limin
Zhao, Xu
Gao, Jun
Jiao, Yue
Li, Tao
Tie, Cai
Gao, Tianle
Han, Yanxing
Jiang, Jian-Dong
Analgesic Alkaloids Derived From Traditional Chinese Medicine in Pain Management
title Analgesic Alkaloids Derived From Traditional Chinese Medicine in Pain Management
title_full Analgesic Alkaloids Derived From Traditional Chinese Medicine in Pain Management
title_fullStr Analgesic Alkaloids Derived From Traditional Chinese Medicine in Pain Management
title_full_unstemmed Analgesic Alkaloids Derived From Traditional Chinese Medicine in Pain Management
title_short Analgesic Alkaloids Derived From Traditional Chinese Medicine in Pain Management
title_sort analgesic alkaloids derived from traditional chinese medicine in pain management
topic Pharmacology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9127080/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35620295
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.851508
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