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Frequency of placental malaria and its associated factors in northwestern Colombia, pooled analysis 2009–2020

Knowledge about placental malaria (PM) is insufficient in the world, and incipient in Colombia where studies are few and recent. In this country, PM has been reported by Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and mixed infection. The objective was to determine the frequency of PM and its associate...

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Autores principales: Cardona-Arias, Jaiberth Antonio, Carmona-Fonseca, Jaime
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9129008/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35609045
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268949
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author Cardona-Arias, Jaiberth Antonio
Carmona-Fonseca, Jaime
author_facet Cardona-Arias, Jaiberth Antonio
Carmona-Fonseca, Jaime
author_sort Cardona-Arias, Jaiberth Antonio
collection PubMed
description Knowledge about placental malaria (PM) is insufficient in the world, and incipient in Colombia where studies are few and recent. In this country, PM has been reported by Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and mixed infection. The objective was to determine the frequency of PM and its associated clinical-epidemiological factors in mothers and neonates in northwestern Colombia, 2009–2020. A Retrospective pooled analysis with 602 placentas captured in five investigations. The diagnosis of PM was made with thick blood smear (TBS) and qPCR. The groups with and without PM were compared using the Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios in a log-binomial model. The prevalence of PM was 27.7% with 92% (155/167) of submicroscopic cases; 41.3% by P. vivax, 44,3% by P. falciparum, and 14.4% by mixed infections. In the multivariate adjustment, PM was associated with the diagnosis of congenital malaria, low neonatal weight, gestational malaria, maternal anemia, previous malaria during pregnancy, and age between 25–43 years. This research is the investigation with the largest number of subjects for studying PM in Colombia, in the ecoepidemiological zone that produces more cases of malaria per year, finding a high prevalence of submicroscopic PM that caused serious maternal (anemia) and neonatal (congenital malaria and low neonatal weight) effects. The results show limitations in the timely diagnosis and treatment, given that the epidemiological surveillance program in Colombia is based on thick blood smear, which generates a substantial underestimation of the magnitude of PM, with serious effects and clinical risks. It is urgent to demand that the health authorities adopt measures such as prenatal control visits as soon as the pregnancy begins, monthly implementation of TBS, and active search for infected pregnant women in their homes and workplaces.
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spelling pubmed-91290082022-05-25 Frequency of placental malaria and its associated factors in northwestern Colombia, pooled analysis 2009–2020 Cardona-Arias, Jaiberth Antonio Carmona-Fonseca, Jaime PLoS One Research Article Knowledge about placental malaria (PM) is insufficient in the world, and incipient in Colombia where studies are few and recent. In this country, PM has been reported by Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and mixed infection. The objective was to determine the frequency of PM and its associated clinical-epidemiological factors in mothers and neonates in northwestern Colombia, 2009–2020. A Retrospective pooled analysis with 602 placentas captured in five investigations. The diagnosis of PM was made with thick blood smear (TBS) and qPCR. The groups with and without PM were compared using the Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios in a log-binomial model. The prevalence of PM was 27.7% with 92% (155/167) of submicroscopic cases; 41.3% by P. vivax, 44,3% by P. falciparum, and 14.4% by mixed infections. In the multivariate adjustment, PM was associated with the diagnosis of congenital malaria, low neonatal weight, gestational malaria, maternal anemia, previous malaria during pregnancy, and age between 25–43 years. This research is the investigation with the largest number of subjects for studying PM in Colombia, in the ecoepidemiological zone that produces more cases of malaria per year, finding a high prevalence of submicroscopic PM that caused serious maternal (anemia) and neonatal (congenital malaria and low neonatal weight) effects. The results show limitations in the timely diagnosis and treatment, given that the epidemiological surveillance program in Colombia is based on thick blood smear, which generates a substantial underestimation of the magnitude of PM, with serious effects and clinical risks. It is urgent to demand that the health authorities adopt measures such as prenatal control visits as soon as the pregnancy begins, monthly implementation of TBS, and active search for infected pregnant women in their homes and workplaces. Public Library of Science 2022-05-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9129008/ /pubmed/35609045 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268949 Text en © 2022 Cardona-Arias, Carmona-Fonseca https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Cardona-Arias, Jaiberth Antonio
Carmona-Fonseca, Jaime
Frequency of placental malaria and its associated factors in northwestern Colombia, pooled analysis 2009–2020
title Frequency of placental malaria and its associated factors in northwestern Colombia, pooled analysis 2009–2020
title_full Frequency of placental malaria and its associated factors in northwestern Colombia, pooled analysis 2009–2020
title_fullStr Frequency of placental malaria and its associated factors in northwestern Colombia, pooled analysis 2009–2020
title_full_unstemmed Frequency of placental malaria and its associated factors in northwestern Colombia, pooled analysis 2009–2020
title_short Frequency of placental malaria and its associated factors in northwestern Colombia, pooled analysis 2009–2020
title_sort frequency of placental malaria and its associated factors in northwestern colombia, pooled analysis 2009–2020
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9129008/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35609045
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268949
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