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Frequency of placental malaria and its associated factors in northwestern Colombia, pooled analysis 2009–2020
Knowledge about placental malaria (PM) is insufficient in the world, and incipient in Colombia where studies are few and recent. In this country, PM has been reported by Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and mixed infection. The objective was to determine the frequency of PM and its associate...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9129008/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35609045 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268949 |
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author | Cardona-Arias, Jaiberth Antonio Carmona-Fonseca, Jaime |
author_facet | Cardona-Arias, Jaiberth Antonio Carmona-Fonseca, Jaime |
author_sort | Cardona-Arias, Jaiberth Antonio |
collection | PubMed |
description | Knowledge about placental malaria (PM) is insufficient in the world, and incipient in Colombia where studies are few and recent. In this country, PM has been reported by Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and mixed infection. The objective was to determine the frequency of PM and its associated clinical-epidemiological factors in mothers and neonates in northwestern Colombia, 2009–2020. A Retrospective pooled analysis with 602 placentas captured in five investigations. The diagnosis of PM was made with thick blood smear (TBS) and qPCR. The groups with and without PM were compared using the Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios in a log-binomial model. The prevalence of PM was 27.7% with 92% (155/167) of submicroscopic cases; 41.3% by P. vivax, 44,3% by P. falciparum, and 14.4% by mixed infections. In the multivariate adjustment, PM was associated with the diagnosis of congenital malaria, low neonatal weight, gestational malaria, maternal anemia, previous malaria during pregnancy, and age between 25–43 years. This research is the investigation with the largest number of subjects for studying PM in Colombia, in the ecoepidemiological zone that produces more cases of malaria per year, finding a high prevalence of submicroscopic PM that caused serious maternal (anemia) and neonatal (congenital malaria and low neonatal weight) effects. The results show limitations in the timely diagnosis and treatment, given that the epidemiological surveillance program in Colombia is based on thick blood smear, which generates a substantial underestimation of the magnitude of PM, with serious effects and clinical risks. It is urgent to demand that the health authorities adopt measures such as prenatal control visits as soon as the pregnancy begins, monthly implementation of TBS, and active search for infected pregnant women in their homes and workplaces. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9129008 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91290082022-05-25 Frequency of placental malaria and its associated factors in northwestern Colombia, pooled analysis 2009–2020 Cardona-Arias, Jaiberth Antonio Carmona-Fonseca, Jaime PLoS One Research Article Knowledge about placental malaria (PM) is insufficient in the world, and incipient in Colombia where studies are few and recent. In this country, PM has been reported by Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and mixed infection. The objective was to determine the frequency of PM and its associated clinical-epidemiological factors in mothers and neonates in northwestern Colombia, 2009–2020. A Retrospective pooled analysis with 602 placentas captured in five investigations. The diagnosis of PM was made with thick blood smear (TBS) and qPCR. The groups with and without PM were compared using the Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios in a log-binomial model. The prevalence of PM was 27.7% with 92% (155/167) of submicroscopic cases; 41.3% by P. vivax, 44,3% by P. falciparum, and 14.4% by mixed infections. In the multivariate adjustment, PM was associated with the diagnosis of congenital malaria, low neonatal weight, gestational malaria, maternal anemia, previous malaria during pregnancy, and age between 25–43 years. This research is the investigation with the largest number of subjects for studying PM in Colombia, in the ecoepidemiological zone that produces more cases of malaria per year, finding a high prevalence of submicroscopic PM that caused serious maternal (anemia) and neonatal (congenital malaria and low neonatal weight) effects. The results show limitations in the timely diagnosis and treatment, given that the epidemiological surveillance program in Colombia is based on thick blood smear, which generates a substantial underestimation of the magnitude of PM, with serious effects and clinical risks. It is urgent to demand that the health authorities adopt measures such as prenatal control visits as soon as the pregnancy begins, monthly implementation of TBS, and active search for infected pregnant women in their homes and workplaces. Public Library of Science 2022-05-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9129008/ /pubmed/35609045 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268949 Text en © 2022 Cardona-Arias, Carmona-Fonseca https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Cardona-Arias, Jaiberth Antonio Carmona-Fonseca, Jaime Frequency of placental malaria and its associated factors in northwestern Colombia, pooled analysis 2009–2020 |
title | Frequency of placental malaria and its associated factors in northwestern Colombia, pooled analysis 2009–2020 |
title_full | Frequency of placental malaria and its associated factors in northwestern Colombia, pooled analysis 2009–2020 |
title_fullStr | Frequency of placental malaria and its associated factors in northwestern Colombia, pooled analysis 2009–2020 |
title_full_unstemmed | Frequency of placental malaria and its associated factors in northwestern Colombia, pooled analysis 2009–2020 |
title_short | Frequency of placental malaria and its associated factors in northwestern Colombia, pooled analysis 2009–2020 |
title_sort | frequency of placental malaria and its associated factors in northwestern colombia, pooled analysis 2009–2020 |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9129008/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35609045 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268949 |
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