Role of Protective Factors in Prevention and Management of Substance Use: Recent Evidences.

Protective factors are characteristics associated with a lower likelihood of negative outcomes. Protective factors may be seen as positive countering events. These are characteristics within the individual or conditions in the family, school or community that help someone cope successfully with life challenges. Protective factors are instrumental in healthy development; they build resiliency, skills and connections. Individual-level protective factors might include positive self-image, self- control, or social competence. Risk and protective factors can affect individuals at different stages of their lives. At each stage, risks occur that can be changed through prevention intervention. Early childhood risks, such as aggressive behaviour, can be changed or prevented with family, school, and community interventions that focus on helping children develop appropriate, positive behaviours. If not addressed, negative behaviours can lead to more risks, such as academic failure and social difficulties, which put children at further risk for later drug abuse. Loneliness, neglect, abuse and illness in old age are risks for developing dependence on benzodiazepine or other substances. Staying with family members, getting proper care are some of the protective factors in old age. Certain highly stressful work conditions poses risks of substance use for the personnel working in such situations. Cohesiveness, conducive work culture, promotional avenues are considered as protective factors at work place. In the seminar role of the protective factors will be discussed in relation of prevention and management of substance use disorders