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Disease-Related Costs Published in The Middle East and North Africa Region: Systematic Review and Analysis of Transferability
BACKGROUND: In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) the scarcity of local cost data is a key barrier to conducting health economic evaluations. We systematically reviewed reports of disease-related costs from MENA and analysed their transferability within the region. METHODS: We searched PubMed a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9130178/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35578009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40273-022-01146-6 |
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author | Zrubka, Zsombor Péntek, Márta Mhanna, Lea Abu-Zahra, Teebah Mahdi-Abid, Mohamed Fgaier, Meriem El-Dahiyat, Faris Al-Abdulkarim, Hana Drummond, Michael Gulácsi, László |
author_facet | Zrubka, Zsombor Péntek, Márta Mhanna, Lea Abu-Zahra, Teebah Mahdi-Abid, Mohamed Fgaier, Meriem El-Dahiyat, Faris Al-Abdulkarim, Hana Drummond, Michael Gulácsi, László |
author_sort | Zrubka, Zsombor |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) the scarcity of local cost data is a key barrier to conducting health economic evaluations. We systematically reviewed reports of disease-related costs from MENA and analysed their transferability within the region. METHODS: We searched PubMed and included full text English papers that reported disease-related costs from the local populations of Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen between 1995 and 2019. Screening, study selection and data extraction were done in duplicate. Study-related variables, costing methods, all costs and their characteristics were extracted and analysed via descriptive methods. From multi-country studies of MENA employing homogenous costing methods, we estimated the ratio (cost transfer coefficient) between the relative differences in direct medical costs and macroeconomic indicators via robust regression. We predicted each cost via the estimated cost transfer formula and evaluated prediction error between true and predicted (transferred) costs. RESULTS: The search yielded 1646 records, 206 full text papers and 3525 costs from 84 diagnoses. Transferability was analysed involving 144 direct medical costs from eight multi-country studies. Adjusting the average of available foreign costs by 0.28 times the relative difference in GDP per capita provided the most accurate estimates. The correlation between true and predicted costs was 0.96; 68% of predicted costs fell in the true ± 50% range. Predictions were more accurate for costs from studies that involved the largest number of countries, for countries outside the Gulf region and for drug costs versus unit or disease costs. CONCLUSION: The estimated cost transfer formula allows the prediction of missing costs in MENA if only GDP per capita is available for adjustment to the local setting. Input costs for the formula should be collected from multiple sources and match the decision situation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40273-022-01146-6. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9130178 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91301782022-05-26 Disease-Related Costs Published in The Middle East and North Africa Region: Systematic Review and Analysis of Transferability Zrubka, Zsombor Péntek, Márta Mhanna, Lea Abu-Zahra, Teebah Mahdi-Abid, Mohamed Fgaier, Meriem El-Dahiyat, Faris Al-Abdulkarim, Hana Drummond, Michael Gulácsi, László Pharmacoeconomics Systematic Review BACKGROUND: In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) the scarcity of local cost data is a key barrier to conducting health economic evaluations. We systematically reviewed reports of disease-related costs from MENA and analysed their transferability within the region. METHODS: We searched PubMed and included full text English papers that reported disease-related costs from the local populations of Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen between 1995 and 2019. Screening, study selection and data extraction were done in duplicate. Study-related variables, costing methods, all costs and their characteristics were extracted and analysed via descriptive methods. From multi-country studies of MENA employing homogenous costing methods, we estimated the ratio (cost transfer coefficient) between the relative differences in direct medical costs and macroeconomic indicators via robust regression. We predicted each cost via the estimated cost transfer formula and evaluated prediction error between true and predicted (transferred) costs. RESULTS: The search yielded 1646 records, 206 full text papers and 3525 costs from 84 diagnoses. Transferability was analysed involving 144 direct medical costs from eight multi-country studies. Adjusting the average of available foreign costs by 0.28 times the relative difference in GDP per capita provided the most accurate estimates. The correlation between true and predicted costs was 0.96; 68% of predicted costs fell in the true ± 50% range. Predictions were more accurate for costs from studies that involved the largest number of countries, for countries outside the Gulf region and for drug costs versus unit or disease costs. CONCLUSION: The estimated cost transfer formula allows the prediction of missing costs in MENA if only GDP per capita is available for adjustment to the local setting. Input costs for the formula should be collected from multiple sources and match the decision situation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40273-022-01146-6. Springer International Publishing 2022-05-17 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9130178/ /pubmed/35578009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40273-022-01146-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Systematic Review Zrubka, Zsombor Péntek, Márta Mhanna, Lea Abu-Zahra, Teebah Mahdi-Abid, Mohamed Fgaier, Meriem El-Dahiyat, Faris Al-Abdulkarim, Hana Drummond, Michael Gulácsi, László Disease-Related Costs Published in The Middle East and North Africa Region: Systematic Review and Analysis of Transferability |
title | Disease-Related Costs Published in The Middle East and North Africa Region: Systematic Review and Analysis of Transferability |
title_full | Disease-Related Costs Published in The Middle East and North Africa Region: Systematic Review and Analysis of Transferability |
title_fullStr | Disease-Related Costs Published in The Middle East and North Africa Region: Systematic Review and Analysis of Transferability |
title_full_unstemmed | Disease-Related Costs Published in The Middle East and North Africa Region: Systematic Review and Analysis of Transferability |
title_short | Disease-Related Costs Published in The Middle East and North Africa Region: Systematic Review and Analysis of Transferability |
title_sort | disease-related costs published in the middle east and north africa region: systematic review and analysis of transferability |
topic | Systematic Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9130178/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35578009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40273-022-01146-6 |
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