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Immune Mechanisms Underlying Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Viral Coinfection
It is considered that chronic hepatitis B patients have obtained functional cure if they get hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance after treatment. Serum HBsAg is produced by cccDNA that is extremely difficult to clear and dslDNA that is integrated with host chromosome. High HBsAg serum...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9130599/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35634301 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.893512 |
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author | Wu, Shuling Yi, Wei Gao, Yuanjiao Deng, Wen Bi, Xiaoyue Lin, Yanjie Yang, Liu Lu, Yao Liu, Ruyu Chang, Min Shen, Ge Hu, Leiping Zhang, Lu Li, Minghui Xie, Yao |
author_facet | Wu, Shuling Yi, Wei Gao, Yuanjiao Deng, Wen Bi, Xiaoyue Lin, Yanjie Yang, Liu Lu, Yao Liu, Ruyu Chang, Min Shen, Ge Hu, Leiping Zhang, Lu Li, Minghui Xie, Yao |
author_sort | Wu, Shuling |
collection | PubMed |
description | It is considered that chronic hepatitis B patients have obtained functional cure if they get hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance after treatment. Serum HBsAg is produced by cccDNA that is extremely difficult to clear and dslDNA that is integrated with host chromosome. High HBsAg serum level leads to failure of host immune system, which makes it unable to produce effective antiviral response required for HBsAg seroclerance. Therefore, it is very difficult to achieve functional cure, and fewer than 1% of chronic hepatitis B patients are cured with antiviral treatment annually. Some chronic hepatitis B patients are coinfected with other chronic viral infections, such as HIV, HCV and HDV, which makes more difficult to cure. However, it is found that the probability of obtaining HBsAg seroclearance in patients with coinfection is higher than that in patients with HBV monoinfection, especially in patients with HBV/HIV coinfection who have an up to 36% of HBsAg 5-year-seroclerance rate. The mechanism of this interesting phenomenon is related to the functional reconstruction of immune system after antiretroviral therapy (ART). The quantity increase and function recovery of HBV specific T cells and B cells, and the higher level of cytokines and chemokines such as IP-10, GM-CSF, promote HBsAg seroclearance. This review summarizes recent studies on the immune factors that have influence on HBsAg seroconversion in the chronic hepatitis B patients with viral coinfection, which might provide new insights for the development of therapeutic approaches to partially restore the specific immune response to HBV and other viruses. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9130599 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91305992022-05-26 Immune Mechanisms Underlying Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Viral Coinfection Wu, Shuling Yi, Wei Gao, Yuanjiao Deng, Wen Bi, Xiaoyue Lin, Yanjie Yang, Liu Lu, Yao Liu, Ruyu Chang, Min Shen, Ge Hu, Leiping Zhang, Lu Li, Minghui Xie, Yao Front Immunol Immunology It is considered that chronic hepatitis B patients have obtained functional cure if they get hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance after treatment. Serum HBsAg is produced by cccDNA that is extremely difficult to clear and dslDNA that is integrated with host chromosome. High HBsAg serum level leads to failure of host immune system, which makes it unable to produce effective antiviral response required for HBsAg seroclerance. Therefore, it is very difficult to achieve functional cure, and fewer than 1% of chronic hepatitis B patients are cured with antiviral treatment annually. Some chronic hepatitis B patients are coinfected with other chronic viral infections, such as HIV, HCV and HDV, which makes more difficult to cure. However, it is found that the probability of obtaining HBsAg seroclearance in patients with coinfection is higher than that in patients with HBV monoinfection, especially in patients with HBV/HIV coinfection who have an up to 36% of HBsAg 5-year-seroclerance rate. The mechanism of this interesting phenomenon is related to the functional reconstruction of immune system after antiretroviral therapy (ART). The quantity increase and function recovery of HBV specific T cells and B cells, and the higher level of cytokines and chemokines such as IP-10, GM-CSF, promote HBsAg seroclearance. This review summarizes recent studies on the immune factors that have influence on HBsAg seroconversion in the chronic hepatitis B patients with viral coinfection, which might provide new insights for the development of therapeutic approaches to partially restore the specific immune response to HBV and other viruses. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9130599/ /pubmed/35634301 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.893512 Text en Copyright © 2022 Wu, Yi, Gao, Deng, Bi, Lin, Yang, Lu, Liu, Chang, Shen, Hu, Zhang, Li and Xie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Wu, Shuling Yi, Wei Gao, Yuanjiao Deng, Wen Bi, Xiaoyue Lin, Yanjie Yang, Liu Lu, Yao Liu, Ruyu Chang, Min Shen, Ge Hu, Leiping Zhang, Lu Li, Minghui Xie, Yao Immune Mechanisms Underlying Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Viral Coinfection |
title | Immune Mechanisms Underlying Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Viral Coinfection |
title_full | Immune Mechanisms Underlying Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Viral Coinfection |
title_fullStr | Immune Mechanisms Underlying Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Viral Coinfection |
title_full_unstemmed | Immune Mechanisms Underlying Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Viral Coinfection |
title_short | Immune Mechanisms Underlying Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Viral Coinfection |
title_sort | immune mechanisms underlying hepatitis b surface antigen seroclearance in chronic hepatitis b patients with viral coinfection |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9130599/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35634301 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.893512 |
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