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The Expression Dynamics of piRNAs Derived From Male Germline piRNA Clusters and Retrotransposons

In mammals, germ cells produce a class of small regulatory RNAs called PIWI-interacting RNAs or piRNAs, which are 25–32 nucleotides in length. The profile of testicular piRNAs changes during development. The piRNAs detected in fetal testes at embryonic day 13.5 and later are called fetal piRNAs. The...

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Autores principales: Kawase, Masaki, Ichiyanagi, Kenji
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9130748/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35646920
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.868746
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author Kawase, Masaki
Ichiyanagi, Kenji
author_facet Kawase, Masaki
Ichiyanagi, Kenji
author_sort Kawase, Masaki
collection PubMed
description In mammals, germ cells produce a class of small regulatory RNAs called PIWI-interacting RNAs or piRNAs, which are 25–32 nucleotides in length. The profile of testicular piRNAs changes during development. The piRNAs detected in fetal testes at embryonic day 13.5 and later are called fetal piRNAs. The piRNAs detected in testes in a period where germ cells do not yet enter the pachytene stage of meiotic prophase I are called pre-pachytene piRNAs, whereas those in testes at later postnatal days are called pachytene piRNAs. Here, to elucidate the exact expression dynamics of these piRNAs during development, we compared piRNAs present in male germ cells at different stages, which were purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and those in embryonic testes. The analysis identified three distinct groups of piRNA clusters: prospermatogonial, early, and late clusters. piRNA length was largely correlated with the repertoire of PIWI-like proteins in respective germ cells; however, the late piRNA clusters tended to generate longer (PIWIL1-type) piRNAs, whereas the early clusters tended to generate shorter (PIWIL2-type) piRNAs, suggesting a cluster- or sequence-dependent mechanism for loading onto PIWI-like proteins. Retrotransposon-derived piRNAs, particularly evolutionary young retrotransposons, were abundantly produced in prospermatogonia, however, their abundance declined as development proceeded. Thus, in later stages, retrotransposon-derived piRNAs were not enriched with those from evolutionary young elements. The results revealed that, depending on the piRNA clusters from which they are derived, longer PIWIL1-type piRNAs are produced earlier, and shorter PIWIL2-type piRNAs remain in a longer period, than previously thought.
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spelling pubmed-91307482022-05-26 The Expression Dynamics of piRNAs Derived From Male Germline piRNA Clusters and Retrotransposons Kawase, Masaki Ichiyanagi, Kenji Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology In mammals, germ cells produce a class of small regulatory RNAs called PIWI-interacting RNAs or piRNAs, which are 25–32 nucleotides in length. The profile of testicular piRNAs changes during development. The piRNAs detected in fetal testes at embryonic day 13.5 and later are called fetal piRNAs. The piRNAs detected in testes in a period where germ cells do not yet enter the pachytene stage of meiotic prophase I are called pre-pachytene piRNAs, whereas those in testes at later postnatal days are called pachytene piRNAs. Here, to elucidate the exact expression dynamics of these piRNAs during development, we compared piRNAs present in male germ cells at different stages, which were purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and those in embryonic testes. The analysis identified three distinct groups of piRNA clusters: prospermatogonial, early, and late clusters. piRNA length was largely correlated with the repertoire of PIWI-like proteins in respective germ cells; however, the late piRNA clusters tended to generate longer (PIWIL1-type) piRNAs, whereas the early clusters tended to generate shorter (PIWIL2-type) piRNAs, suggesting a cluster- or sequence-dependent mechanism for loading onto PIWI-like proteins. Retrotransposon-derived piRNAs, particularly evolutionary young retrotransposons, were abundantly produced in prospermatogonia, however, their abundance declined as development proceeded. Thus, in later stages, retrotransposon-derived piRNAs were not enriched with those from evolutionary young elements. The results revealed that, depending on the piRNA clusters from which they are derived, longer PIWIL1-type piRNAs are produced earlier, and shorter PIWIL2-type piRNAs remain in a longer period, than previously thought. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9130748/ /pubmed/35646920 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.868746 Text en Copyright © 2022 Kawase and Ichiyanagi. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Kawase, Masaki
Ichiyanagi, Kenji
The Expression Dynamics of piRNAs Derived From Male Germline piRNA Clusters and Retrotransposons
title The Expression Dynamics of piRNAs Derived From Male Germline piRNA Clusters and Retrotransposons
title_full The Expression Dynamics of piRNAs Derived From Male Germline piRNA Clusters and Retrotransposons
title_fullStr The Expression Dynamics of piRNAs Derived From Male Germline piRNA Clusters and Retrotransposons
title_full_unstemmed The Expression Dynamics of piRNAs Derived From Male Germline piRNA Clusters and Retrotransposons
title_short The Expression Dynamics of piRNAs Derived From Male Germline piRNA Clusters and Retrotransposons
title_sort expression dynamics of pirnas derived from male germline pirna clusters and retrotransposons
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9130748/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35646920
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.868746
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