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Recent Advances in the Structural Biology of the Volume-Regulated Anion Channel LRRC8
Members of the leucine-rich repeat-containing 8 (LRRC8) protein family, composed of five LRRC8A-E isoforms, are pore-forming components of the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC), which is activated by cell swelling and releases chloride ions (Cl(−)) or other osmolytes to counteract cell swelling....
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9130832/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35645818 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.896532 |
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author | Kasuya, Go Nureki, Osamu |
author_facet | Kasuya, Go Nureki, Osamu |
author_sort | Kasuya, Go |
collection | PubMed |
description | Members of the leucine-rich repeat-containing 8 (LRRC8) protein family, composed of five LRRC8A-E isoforms, are pore-forming components of the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC), which is activated by cell swelling and releases chloride ions (Cl(−)) or other osmolytes to counteract cell swelling. Although the LRRC8 protein family was identified as the molecular entity of VRAC only in 2014, due to recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), various LRRC8 structures, including homo-hexameric LRRC8A and LRRC8D structures, as well as inhibitor-bound and synthetic single-domain antibody-bound homo-hexameric LRRC8A structures, have been reported, thus extending our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of this protein family. In this review, we describe the important features of LRRC8 provided by these structures, particularly the overall architectures, and the suggested mechanisms underlying pore inhibition and allosteric modulation by targeting the intracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9130832 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91308322022-05-26 Recent Advances in the Structural Biology of the Volume-Regulated Anion Channel LRRC8 Kasuya, Go Nureki, Osamu Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Members of the leucine-rich repeat-containing 8 (LRRC8) protein family, composed of five LRRC8A-E isoforms, are pore-forming components of the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC), which is activated by cell swelling and releases chloride ions (Cl(−)) or other osmolytes to counteract cell swelling. Although the LRRC8 protein family was identified as the molecular entity of VRAC only in 2014, due to recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), various LRRC8 structures, including homo-hexameric LRRC8A and LRRC8D structures, as well as inhibitor-bound and synthetic single-domain antibody-bound homo-hexameric LRRC8A structures, have been reported, thus extending our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of this protein family. In this review, we describe the important features of LRRC8 provided by these structures, particularly the overall architectures, and the suggested mechanisms underlying pore inhibition and allosteric modulation by targeting the intracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9130832/ /pubmed/35645818 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.896532 Text en Copyright © 2022 Kasuya and Nureki. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Pharmacology Kasuya, Go Nureki, Osamu Recent Advances in the Structural Biology of the Volume-Regulated Anion Channel LRRC8 |
title | Recent Advances in the Structural Biology of the Volume-Regulated Anion Channel LRRC8 |
title_full | Recent Advances in the Structural Biology of the Volume-Regulated Anion Channel LRRC8 |
title_fullStr | Recent Advances in the Structural Biology of the Volume-Regulated Anion Channel LRRC8 |
title_full_unstemmed | Recent Advances in the Structural Biology of the Volume-Regulated Anion Channel LRRC8 |
title_short | Recent Advances in the Structural Biology of the Volume-Regulated Anion Channel LRRC8 |
title_sort | recent advances in the structural biology of the volume-regulated anion channel lrrc8 |
topic | Pharmacology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9130832/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35645818 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.896532 |
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