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Change in prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the two years following trauma: a meta-analytic study
BACKGROUND: Understanding the course of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the factors that impact this is essential to inform decisions about when and for whom screening and intervention are likely to be beneficial. OBJECTIVE: To provide meta-analytic evidence of the course of recovery from...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Taylor & Francis
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9132436/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35646293 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2022.2066456 |
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author | Diamond, P. R. Airdrie, J. N. Hiller, R. Fraser, A. Hiscox, L. V. Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. Halligan, S. L. |
author_facet | Diamond, P. R. Airdrie, J. N. Hiller, R. Fraser, A. Hiscox, L. V. Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. Halligan, S. L. |
author_sort | Diamond, P. R. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Understanding the course of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the factors that impact this is essential to inform decisions about when and for whom screening and intervention are likely to be beneficial. OBJECTIVE: To provide meta-analytic evidence of the course of recovery from PTSD in the first year following trauma, and the factors that influence that recovery. METHOD: We conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies of adult PTSD prevalence which included at least two assessments within the first 12 months following trauma exposure, examining prevalence statistics through to 2 years post-trauma. We examined trauma intentionality (intentional or non-intentional), PTSD assessment method (clinician or self-report), sample sex distribution, and age as moderators of PTSD prevalence over time. RESULTS: We identified 78 eligible studies including 16,484 participants. Pooled prevalence statistics indicated that over a quarter of individuals presented with PTSD at 1 month post-trauma, with this proportion reducing by a third between 1 and 3 months. Beyond 3 months, any prevalence changes were detected over longer intervals and were small in magnitude. Intentional trauma, younger age, and female sex were associated with higher PTSD prevalence at 1 month. In addition, higher proportions of females, intentional trauma exposure, and higher baseline PTSD prevalence were each associated with larger reductions in prevalence over time. CONCLUSIONS: Recovery from PTSD following acute trauma exposure primarily occurs in the first 3 months post-trauma. Screening measures and intervention approaches offered at 3 months may better target persistent symptoms than those conducted prior to this point. HIGHLIGHTS: PTSD rates in the immediate aftermath of trauma exposure decline from 27% at 1 month to 18% at 3 months post-trauma, showing significant spontaneous recovery. Problems appear to stabilize after 3 months. Screening/intervention for PTSD at 3 months post-trauma is indicated. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9132436 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Taylor & Francis |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91324362022-05-26 Change in prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the two years following trauma: a meta-analytic study Diamond, P. R. Airdrie, J. N. Hiller, R. Fraser, A. Hiscox, L. V. Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. Halligan, S. L. Eur J Psychotraumatol Review Article BACKGROUND: Understanding the course of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the factors that impact this is essential to inform decisions about when and for whom screening and intervention are likely to be beneficial. OBJECTIVE: To provide meta-analytic evidence of the course of recovery from PTSD in the first year following trauma, and the factors that influence that recovery. METHOD: We conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies of adult PTSD prevalence which included at least two assessments within the first 12 months following trauma exposure, examining prevalence statistics through to 2 years post-trauma. We examined trauma intentionality (intentional or non-intentional), PTSD assessment method (clinician or self-report), sample sex distribution, and age as moderators of PTSD prevalence over time. RESULTS: We identified 78 eligible studies including 16,484 participants. Pooled prevalence statistics indicated that over a quarter of individuals presented with PTSD at 1 month post-trauma, with this proportion reducing by a third between 1 and 3 months. Beyond 3 months, any prevalence changes were detected over longer intervals and were small in magnitude. Intentional trauma, younger age, and female sex were associated with higher PTSD prevalence at 1 month. In addition, higher proportions of females, intentional trauma exposure, and higher baseline PTSD prevalence were each associated with larger reductions in prevalence over time. CONCLUSIONS: Recovery from PTSD following acute trauma exposure primarily occurs in the first 3 months post-trauma. Screening measures and intervention approaches offered at 3 months may better target persistent symptoms than those conducted prior to this point. HIGHLIGHTS: PTSD rates in the immediate aftermath of trauma exposure decline from 27% at 1 month to 18% at 3 months post-trauma, showing significant spontaneous recovery. Problems appear to stabilize after 3 months. Screening/intervention for PTSD at 3 months post-trauma is indicated. Taylor & Francis 2022-05-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9132436/ /pubmed/35646293 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2022.2066456 Text en © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Diamond, P. R. Airdrie, J. N. Hiller, R. Fraser, A. Hiscox, L. V. Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. Halligan, S. L. Change in prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the two years following trauma: a meta-analytic study |
title | Change in prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the two years following trauma: a meta-analytic study |
title_full | Change in prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the two years following trauma: a meta-analytic study |
title_fullStr | Change in prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the two years following trauma: a meta-analytic study |
title_full_unstemmed | Change in prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the two years following trauma: a meta-analytic study |
title_short | Change in prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the two years following trauma: a meta-analytic study |
title_sort | change in prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the two years following trauma: a meta-analytic study |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9132436/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35646293 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2022.2066456 |
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