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Expression of axon guidance ligands and their receptors in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia and their recovery after corneal epithelium injury
Axon guidance proteins are essential for axonal pathfinding during development. In adulthood, they have been described as pleiotropic proteins with multiple roles in different organs and tissues. While most studies on the roles of these proteins in the cornea have been performed on the Semaphorin fa...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9133167/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35427568 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2022.109054 |
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author | Guaiquil, Victor H. Xiao, Cissy Lara, Daniel Dimailig, Greigory Zhou, Qiang |
author_facet | Guaiquil, Victor H. Xiao, Cissy Lara, Daniel Dimailig, Greigory Zhou, Qiang |
author_sort | Guaiquil, Victor H. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Axon guidance proteins are essential for axonal pathfinding during development. In adulthood, they have been described as pleiotropic proteins with multiple roles in different organs and tissues. While most studies on the roles of these proteins in the cornea have been performed on the Semaphorin family members, with few reports on Netrins or Ephrins, their function in corneal epithelium wound healing and functional nerve regeneration is largely unknown. Here, we studied the expression of ligands belonging to three distinct axon guidance families (Semaphorins, Ephrins, and Netrins) and their most commonly associated receptors in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia (TG) using immunofluorescence staining and RT-qPCR. We also evaluated how their expression recovers after corneal epithelium injury. We found that all ligands studied (Sema3A, Sema3F, EphrinB1, EphrinB2, Netrin-1, and Netrin-4) are abundantly expressed in both the TG and corneal epithelium. Similarly, their receptors (Neuropilin-1, Neuropilin-2, PlexinA1, PlexinA3, EphB2, EphB4, Neogenin, UNC5H1 and DCC) are also expressed in both tissues. Upon corneal epithelium injury, quick recovery of both ligands and receptors was observed at the protein and gene expression levels. While the timing and expression levels vary among these proteins, in general, most of them remained upregulated for several weeks after injury. We propose that the initial protein expression recovery may be related to corneal epithelium recovery since Sema3A, EphrinB2 and Netrin-4 accelerated corneal epithelial cells wound healing. The sustained high expression levels may be functionally related to nerve regeneration and/or patterning. Whilst further studies are required to test this hypothesis, this work contributes to unraveling their function in normal and injured cornea. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9133167 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91331672022-06-01 Expression of axon guidance ligands and their receptors in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia and their recovery after corneal epithelium injury Guaiquil, Victor H. Xiao, Cissy Lara, Daniel Dimailig, Greigory Zhou, Qiang Exp Eye Res Article Axon guidance proteins are essential for axonal pathfinding during development. In adulthood, they have been described as pleiotropic proteins with multiple roles in different organs and tissues. While most studies on the roles of these proteins in the cornea have been performed on the Semaphorin family members, with few reports on Netrins or Ephrins, their function in corneal epithelium wound healing and functional nerve regeneration is largely unknown. Here, we studied the expression of ligands belonging to three distinct axon guidance families (Semaphorins, Ephrins, and Netrins) and their most commonly associated receptors in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia (TG) using immunofluorescence staining and RT-qPCR. We also evaluated how their expression recovers after corneal epithelium injury. We found that all ligands studied (Sema3A, Sema3F, EphrinB1, EphrinB2, Netrin-1, and Netrin-4) are abundantly expressed in both the TG and corneal epithelium. Similarly, their receptors (Neuropilin-1, Neuropilin-2, PlexinA1, PlexinA3, EphB2, EphB4, Neogenin, UNC5H1 and DCC) are also expressed in both tissues. Upon corneal epithelium injury, quick recovery of both ligands and receptors was observed at the protein and gene expression levels. While the timing and expression levels vary among these proteins, in general, most of them remained upregulated for several weeks after injury. We propose that the initial protein expression recovery may be related to corneal epithelium recovery since Sema3A, EphrinB2 and Netrin-4 accelerated corneal epithelial cells wound healing. The sustained high expression levels may be functionally related to nerve regeneration and/or patterning. Whilst further studies are required to test this hypothesis, this work contributes to unraveling their function in normal and injured cornea. 2022-06 2022-04-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9133167/ /pubmed/35427568 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2022.109054 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) ). |
spellingShingle | Article Guaiquil, Victor H. Xiao, Cissy Lara, Daniel Dimailig, Greigory Zhou, Qiang Expression of axon guidance ligands and their receptors in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia and their recovery after corneal epithelium injury |
title | Expression of axon guidance ligands and their receptors in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia and their recovery after corneal epithelium injury |
title_full | Expression of axon guidance ligands and their receptors in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia and their recovery after corneal epithelium injury |
title_fullStr | Expression of axon guidance ligands and their receptors in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia and their recovery after corneal epithelium injury |
title_full_unstemmed | Expression of axon guidance ligands and their receptors in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia and their recovery after corneal epithelium injury |
title_short | Expression of axon guidance ligands and their receptors in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia and their recovery after corneal epithelium injury |
title_sort | expression of axon guidance ligands and their receptors in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia and their recovery after corneal epithelium injury |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9133167/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35427568 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2022.109054 |
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