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Hyaladherins May be Implicated in Alcohol-Induced Susceptibility to Bacterial Pneumonia

Although the epidemiology of bacterial pneumonia and excessive alcohol use is well established, the mechanisms by which alcohol induces risk of pneumonia are less clear. Patterns of alcohol misuse, termed alcohol use disorders (AUD), affect about 15 million people in the United States. Compared to o...

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Autores principales: Crotty, Kathryn M., Yeligar, Samantha M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9133445/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35634317
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.865522
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author Crotty, Kathryn M.
Yeligar, Samantha M.
author_facet Crotty, Kathryn M.
Yeligar, Samantha M.
author_sort Crotty, Kathryn M.
collection PubMed
description Although the epidemiology of bacterial pneumonia and excessive alcohol use is well established, the mechanisms by which alcohol induces risk of pneumonia are less clear. Patterns of alcohol misuse, termed alcohol use disorders (AUD), affect about 15 million people in the United States. Compared to otherwise healthy individuals, AUD increase the risk of respiratory infections and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by 2-4-fold. Levels and fragmentation of hyaluronic acid (HA), an extracellular glycosaminoglycan of variable molecular weight, are increased in chronic respiratory diseases, including ARDS. HA is largely involved in immune-assisted wound repair and cell migration. Levels of fragmented, low molecular weight HA are increased during inflammation and decrease concomitant with leukocyte levels following injury. In chronic respiratory diseases, levels of fragmented HA and leukocytes remain elevated, inflammation persists, and respiratory infections are not cleared efficiently, suggesting a possible pathological mechanism for prolonged bacterial pneumonia. However, the role of HA in alcohol-induced immune dysfunction is largely unknown. This mini literature review provides insights into understanding the role of HA signaling in host immune defense following excessive alcohol use. Potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate alcohol-induced immune suppression in bacterial pneumonia and HA dysregulation are also discussed.
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spelling pubmed-91334452022-05-27 Hyaladherins May be Implicated in Alcohol-Induced Susceptibility to Bacterial Pneumonia Crotty, Kathryn M. Yeligar, Samantha M. Front Immunol Immunology Although the epidemiology of bacterial pneumonia and excessive alcohol use is well established, the mechanisms by which alcohol induces risk of pneumonia are less clear. Patterns of alcohol misuse, termed alcohol use disorders (AUD), affect about 15 million people in the United States. Compared to otherwise healthy individuals, AUD increase the risk of respiratory infections and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by 2-4-fold. Levels and fragmentation of hyaluronic acid (HA), an extracellular glycosaminoglycan of variable molecular weight, are increased in chronic respiratory diseases, including ARDS. HA is largely involved in immune-assisted wound repair and cell migration. Levels of fragmented, low molecular weight HA are increased during inflammation and decrease concomitant with leukocyte levels following injury. In chronic respiratory diseases, levels of fragmented HA and leukocytes remain elevated, inflammation persists, and respiratory infections are not cleared efficiently, suggesting a possible pathological mechanism for prolonged bacterial pneumonia. However, the role of HA in alcohol-induced immune dysfunction is largely unknown. This mini literature review provides insights into understanding the role of HA signaling in host immune defense following excessive alcohol use. Potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate alcohol-induced immune suppression in bacterial pneumonia and HA dysregulation are also discussed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9133445/ /pubmed/35634317 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.865522 Text en Copyright © 2022 Crotty and Yeligar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Crotty, Kathryn M.
Yeligar, Samantha M.
Hyaladherins May be Implicated in Alcohol-Induced Susceptibility to Bacterial Pneumonia
title Hyaladherins May be Implicated in Alcohol-Induced Susceptibility to Bacterial Pneumonia
title_full Hyaladherins May be Implicated in Alcohol-Induced Susceptibility to Bacterial Pneumonia
title_fullStr Hyaladherins May be Implicated in Alcohol-Induced Susceptibility to Bacterial Pneumonia
title_full_unstemmed Hyaladherins May be Implicated in Alcohol-Induced Susceptibility to Bacterial Pneumonia
title_short Hyaladherins May be Implicated in Alcohol-Induced Susceptibility to Bacterial Pneumonia
title_sort hyaladherins may be implicated in alcohol-induced susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9133445/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35634317
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.865522
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