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Fungal Degradation of Extractives Plays an Important Role in the Brown Rot Decay of Scots Pine Heartwood

Scots pine heartwood is known to have resistance to wood decay due to the presence of extractives, namely stilbenes and resin acids. However, previous studies have indicated that these extractives are degradable by wood decaying fungi. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between extract...

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Autores principales: Belt, Tiina, Harju, Anni, Kilpeläinen, Petri, Venäläinen, Martti
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9133955/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35646036
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.912555
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author Belt, Tiina
Harju, Anni
Kilpeläinen, Petri
Venäläinen, Martti
author_facet Belt, Tiina
Harju, Anni
Kilpeläinen, Petri
Venäläinen, Martti
author_sort Belt, Tiina
collection PubMed
description Scots pine heartwood is known to have resistance to wood decay due to the presence of extractives, namely stilbenes and resin acids. However, previous studies have indicated that these extractives are degradable by wood decaying fungi. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between extractive degradation and heartwood decay in detail and to gain insight into the mechanisms of extractive degradation. Mass losses recorded after a stacked-sample decay test with brown rot fungi showed that the heartwood had substantial decay resistance against Coniophora puteana but little resistance against Rhodonia placenta. Extracts obtained from the decayed heartwood samples revealed extensive degradation of stilbenes by R. placenta in the early stages of decay and a noticeable but statistically insignificant loss of resin acids. The extracts from R. placenta-degraded samples contained new compounds derived from the degraded extractives: hydroxylated stilbene derivatives appeared in the early decay stages and then disappeared, while compounds tentatively identified as hydroxylated derivatives of dehydroabietic acid accumulated in the later stages. The degradation of extractives was further analysed using simple degradation assays where an extract obtained from intact heartwood was incubated with fungal mycelium or extracellular culture fluid from liquid fungal cultures or with neat Fenton reagent. The assays showed that extractives can be eliminated by several fungal degradative systems and revealed differences between the degradative abilities of the two fungi. The results of the study indicate that extractive degradation plays an important role in heartwood decay and highlight the complexity of the fungal degradative systems.
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spelling pubmed-91339552022-05-27 Fungal Degradation of Extractives Plays an Important Role in the Brown Rot Decay of Scots Pine Heartwood Belt, Tiina Harju, Anni Kilpeläinen, Petri Venäläinen, Martti Front Plant Sci Plant Science Scots pine heartwood is known to have resistance to wood decay due to the presence of extractives, namely stilbenes and resin acids. However, previous studies have indicated that these extractives are degradable by wood decaying fungi. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between extractive degradation and heartwood decay in detail and to gain insight into the mechanisms of extractive degradation. Mass losses recorded after a stacked-sample decay test with brown rot fungi showed that the heartwood had substantial decay resistance against Coniophora puteana but little resistance against Rhodonia placenta. Extracts obtained from the decayed heartwood samples revealed extensive degradation of stilbenes by R. placenta in the early stages of decay and a noticeable but statistically insignificant loss of resin acids. The extracts from R. placenta-degraded samples contained new compounds derived from the degraded extractives: hydroxylated stilbene derivatives appeared in the early decay stages and then disappeared, while compounds tentatively identified as hydroxylated derivatives of dehydroabietic acid accumulated in the later stages. The degradation of extractives was further analysed using simple degradation assays where an extract obtained from intact heartwood was incubated with fungal mycelium or extracellular culture fluid from liquid fungal cultures or with neat Fenton reagent. The assays showed that extractives can be eliminated by several fungal degradative systems and revealed differences between the degradative abilities of the two fungi. The results of the study indicate that extractive degradation plays an important role in heartwood decay and highlight the complexity of the fungal degradative systems. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9133955/ /pubmed/35646036 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.912555 Text en Copyright © 2022 Belt, Harju, Kilpeläinen and Venäläinen. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Belt, Tiina
Harju, Anni
Kilpeläinen, Petri
Venäläinen, Martti
Fungal Degradation of Extractives Plays an Important Role in the Brown Rot Decay of Scots Pine Heartwood
title Fungal Degradation of Extractives Plays an Important Role in the Brown Rot Decay of Scots Pine Heartwood
title_full Fungal Degradation of Extractives Plays an Important Role in the Brown Rot Decay of Scots Pine Heartwood
title_fullStr Fungal Degradation of Extractives Plays an Important Role in the Brown Rot Decay of Scots Pine Heartwood
title_full_unstemmed Fungal Degradation of Extractives Plays an Important Role in the Brown Rot Decay of Scots Pine Heartwood
title_short Fungal Degradation of Extractives Plays an Important Role in the Brown Rot Decay of Scots Pine Heartwood
title_sort fungal degradation of extractives plays an important role in the brown rot decay of scots pine heartwood
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9133955/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35646036
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.912555
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