Factors and at-risk group associated with hypertension self-management patterns among people with physical disabilities: a latent class analysis

BACKGROUND: People with disabilities are vulnerable to chronic diseases such as hypertension. In South Korea, over half of the population living with a physical disability suffer from hypertension. Understanding the typology of hypertension self-management patterns will assist with behavioural interventions for people with physical disabilities. Thus, this study aims to identify the typology of hypertension self-management behavioural patterns, the factors associated with the latent classes, and to recognise potential at-risk populations by comparing potential health outcomes among hypertensive adults with physical disabilities. METHODS: Data of 1551 participants were extracted from the 2017 National Survey of Disabled Persons. Latent classes were analysed using five indicators of self-management: smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diet, and weight control. Determinants of self-management patterns, such as general characteristics, health-related factors, and social relationships, were identified using multinomial logistic regression. Further, health measures, such as health profile, psychological health, and patient experience, were compared. RESULTS: The following three latent classes were identified: “high self-management” group (40.8%), “harmful habitual behaviour” group (20.6%), and “inactive behaviour” group (38.6%). Compared with the high self-management group, the predictors of belonging to the harmful habitual behaviour group were being male, young, and single. Being female, employed, severely disabled, dependent, and unsatisfied with friendships were predictors of the inactive behaviour group. Those in the inactive behaviour group had a poor health-related quality of life, poor subjective health, depression, and unmet medical needs. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that there are mutually exclusive subgroups of patients with hypertension regarding self-management patterns, identifies an array of predictive factors in each latent class membership, and distinguishes a high-risk group by comparing the health measures among patients with hypertension with physical disabilities. Analysing subgroups may assist in identifying and meeting the diverse needs of self-management support in hypertensive patients with physical disabilities.