Neurosarcoidosis: A Case Report

Sarcoidosis is a multi-organ granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Neurological involvement in sarcoidosis is uncommon but cranial mononeuropathies, especially involving the VII and VIII cranial nerves, are highly suggestive of neurosarcoidosis. We report the case of a 54-year-old woman who presented with fever, night sweats, weight loss, polyarthralgia, and bilateral hearing loss. Mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathies with hypercaptation on positive emission tomography (PET) scans were present. Low-dose steroids were ineffective. She then developed bilateral anterior uveitis and right-sided peripheral facial palsy. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed inflammatory involvement of the right cochlea, geniculate ganglion, and bilateral vestibulocochlear bundle. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was compatible with aseptic meningitis. Excisional biopsy of mediastinal lymph nodes confirmed the presence of noncaseating granulomas. The diagnosis of systemic sarcoidosis with serious neurological involvement was made and treatment with high-dose steroids led to significant clinical improvement. Sarcoidosis remains a diagnosis of exclusion based on supportive clinical, radiological, and histological findings. This case highlights the challenge it was to diagnose this disorder. Neurologic involvement in sarcoidosis is relatively uncommon and has an unpredictable clinical course and prognosis.