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Phenotypic Adaptation to Antiseptics and Effects on Biofilm Formation Capacity and Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Early Colonizers in Dental Plaque
Despite the wide-spread use of antiseptics in dental practice and oral care products, there is little public awareness of potential risks associated with antiseptic resistance and potentially concomitant cross-resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate potential phenotypic adapt...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9137571/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35625332 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11050688 |
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author | Auer, David L. Mao, Xiaojun Anderson, Annette Carola Muehler, Denise Wittmer, Annette von Ohle, Christiane Wolff, Diana Frese, Cornelia Hiller, Karl-Anton Maisch, Tim Buchalla, Wolfgang Hellwig, Elmar Al-Ahmad, Ali Cieplik, Fabian |
author_facet | Auer, David L. Mao, Xiaojun Anderson, Annette Carola Muehler, Denise Wittmer, Annette von Ohle, Christiane Wolff, Diana Frese, Cornelia Hiller, Karl-Anton Maisch, Tim Buchalla, Wolfgang Hellwig, Elmar Al-Ahmad, Ali Cieplik, Fabian |
author_sort | Auer, David L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Despite the wide-spread use of antiseptics in dental practice and oral care products, there is little public awareness of potential risks associated with antiseptic resistance and potentially concomitant cross-resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate potential phenotypic adaptation in 177 clinical isolates of early colonizers of dental plaque (Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Rothia and Veillonella spp.) upon repeated exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) or cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) over 10 passages using a modified microdilution method. Stability of phenotypic adaptation was re-evaluated after culture in antiseptic-free nutrient broth for 24 or 72 h. Strains showing 8-fold minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)-increase were further examined regarding their biofilm formation capacity, phenotypic antibiotic resistance and presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Eight-fold MIC-increases to CHX were detected in four Streptococcus isolates. These strains mostly exhibited significantly increased biofilm formation capacity compared to their respective wild-type strains. Phenotypic antibiotic resistance was detected to tetracycline and erythromycin, consistent with the detected ARGs. In conclusion, this study shows that clinical isolates of early colonizers of dental plaque can phenotypically adapt toward antiseptics such as CHX upon repeated exposure. The underlying mechanisms at genomic and transcriptomic levels need to be investigated in future studies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9137571 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91375712022-05-28 Phenotypic Adaptation to Antiseptics and Effects on Biofilm Formation Capacity and Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Early Colonizers in Dental Plaque Auer, David L. Mao, Xiaojun Anderson, Annette Carola Muehler, Denise Wittmer, Annette von Ohle, Christiane Wolff, Diana Frese, Cornelia Hiller, Karl-Anton Maisch, Tim Buchalla, Wolfgang Hellwig, Elmar Al-Ahmad, Ali Cieplik, Fabian Antibiotics (Basel) Article Despite the wide-spread use of antiseptics in dental practice and oral care products, there is little public awareness of potential risks associated with antiseptic resistance and potentially concomitant cross-resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate potential phenotypic adaptation in 177 clinical isolates of early colonizers of dental plaque (Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Rothia and Veillonella spp.) upon repeated exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) or cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) over 10 passages using a modified microdilution method. Stability of phenotypic adaptation was re-evaluated after culture in antiseptic-free nutrient broth for 24 or 72 h. Strains showing 8-fold minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)-increase were further examined regarding their biofilm formation capacity, phenotypic antibiotic resistance and presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Eight-fold MIC-increases to CHX were detected in four Streptococcus isolates. These strains mostly exhibited significantly increased biofilm formation capacity compared to their respective wild-type strains. Phenotypic antibiotic resistance was detected to tetracycline and erythromycin, consistent with the detected ARGs. In conclusion, this study shows that clinical isolates of early colonizers of dental plaque can phenotypically adapt toward antiseptics such as CHX upon repeated exposure. The underlying mechanisms at genomic and transcriptomic levels need to be investigated in future studies. MDPI 2022-05-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9137571/ /pubmed/35625332 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11050688 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Auer, David L. Mao, Xiaojun Anderson, Annette Carola Muehler, Denise Wittmer, Annette von Ohle, Christiane Wolff, Diana Frese, Cornelia Hiller, Karl-Anton Maisch, Tim Buchalla, Wolfgang Hellwig, Elmar Al-Ahmad, Ali Cieplik, Fabian Phenotypic Adaptation to Antiseptics and Effects on Biofilm Formation Capacity and Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Early Colonizers in Dental Plaque |
title | Phenotypic Adaptation to Antiseptics and Effects on Biofilm Formation Capacity and Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Early Colonizers in Dental Plaque |
title_full | Phenotypic Adaptation to Antiseptics and Effects on Biofilm Formation Capacity and Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Early Colonizers in Dental Plaque |
title_fullStr | Phenotypic Adaptation to Antiseptics and Effects on Biofilm Formation Capacity and Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Early Colonizers in Dental Plaque |
title_full_unstemmed | Phenotypic Adaptation to Antiseptics and Effects on Biofilm Formation Capacity and Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Early Colonizers in Dental Plaque |
title_short | Phenotypic Adaptation to Antiseptics and Effects on Biofilm Formation Capacity and Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Early Colonizers in Dental Plaque |
title_sort | phenotypic adaptation to antiseptics and effects on biofilm formation capacity and antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of early colonizers in dental plaque |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9137571/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35625332 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11050688 |
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