Cargando…

The Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Ammonia Emissions from Slurry from Lactating Holstein-Friesian Cows as Measured in Open-Circuit Respiration Chambers

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Farmed livestock, particularly dairy cows, are the largest source of ammonia (NH(3)) emissions to the atmosphere in Europe and other parts of the developed world. Generally, more than 80% of the total agricultural NH(3) emissions in Europe come from manure slurries (mixtures of urine...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Katongole, Constantine Bakyusa, Yan, Tianhai
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9137890/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35625089
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12101243
_version_ 1784714490940489728
author Katongole, Constantine Bakyusa
Yan, Tianhai
author_facet Katongole, Constantine Bakyusa
Yan, Tianhai
author_sort Katongole, Constantine Bakyusa
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Farmed livestock, particularly dairy cows, are the largest source of ammonia (NH(3)) emissions to the atmosphere in Europe and other parts of the developed world. Generally, more than 80% of the total agricultural NH(3) emissions in Europe come from manure slurries (mixtures of urine and faeces) with hydrolysis of urea nitrogen (N) in urine, and ammonification of the organic N fraction in faeces as the two main sources of the NH(3). It is also worth noting that the concentration of these two main sources of NH(3) emissions from manure slurries (particularly urea N in urine) is positively associated with dietary protein content. ABSTRACT: The effect of dietary crude protein (CP) level on ammonia (NH(3)) emissions from slurry from lactating Holstein-Friesian cows was studied. Twenty-four-hour total collections of faeces and urine were made from 24 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed four total mixed rations containing 141, 151, 177, and 201 g CP/kg DM (6 cows/diet). The collected urine and faeces from each cow were combined to form 2 kg duplicate slurry samples (weight/weight; fresh basis) according to the proportions in which they were excreted. NH(3) emissions from the slurry samples were measured, during 0–24 and 24–48 h intervals in six open-circuit respiration chambers maintained at two temperatures (8 or 18 °C). NH(3) emissions for the 0–24 and 0–48 h intervals, as well as the average daily emissions, increased linearly with increasing dietary CP level. Increasing the temperature from 8 to 18 °C positively affected NH(3) emissions, but only for the 0–24 h interval. In situations where direct measurements are impossible, NH(3) emissions from slurry can be predicted accurately using equations based on dietary CP level supported by either urinary nitrogen, faeces nitrogen, or both. In summary, increasing dietary CP level linearly increased average daily NH(3) emissions from slurry, with a 5.4 g increase for each 10 g increase in dietary CP.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9137890
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-91378902022-05-28 The Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Ammonia Emissions from Slurry from Lactating Holstein-Friesian Cows as Measured in Open-Circuit Respiration Chambers Katongole, Constantine Bakyusa Yan, Tianhai Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Farmed livestock, particularly dairy cows, are the largest source of ammonia (NH(3)) emissions to the atmosphere in Europe and other parts of the developed world. Generally, more than 80% of the total agricultural NH(3) emissions in Europe come from manure slurries (mixtures of urine and faeces) with hydrolysis of urea nitrogen (N) in urine, and ammonification of the organic N fraction in faeces as the two main sources of the NH(3). It is also worth noting that the concentration of these two main sources of NH(3) emissions from manure slurries (particularly urea N in urine) is positively associated with dietary protein content. ABSTRACT: The effect of dietary crude protein (CP) level on ammonia (NH(3)) emissions from slurry from lactating Holstein-Friesian cows was studied. Twenty-four-hour total collections of faeces and urine were made from 24 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed four total mixed rations containing 141, 151, 177, and 201 g CP/kg DM (6 cows/diet). The collected urine and faeces from each cow were combined to form 2 kg duplicate slurry samples (weight/weight; fresh basis) according to the proportions in which they were excreted. NH(3) emissions from the slurry samples were measured, during 0–24 and 24–48 h intervals in six open-circuit respiration chambers maintained at two temperatures (8 or 18 °C). NH(3) emissions for the 0–24 and 0–48 h intervals, as well as the average daily emissions, increased linearly with increasing dietary CP level. Increasing the temperature from 8 to 18 °C positively affected NH(3) emissions, but only for the 0–24 h interval. In situations where direct measurements are impossible, NH(3) emissions from slurry can be predicted accurately using equations based on dietary CP level supported by either urinary nitrogen, faeces nitrogen, or both. In summary, increasing dietary CP level linearly increased average daily NH(3) emissions from slurry, with a 5.4 g increase for each 10 g increase in dietary CP. MDPI 2022-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9137890/ /pubmed/35625089 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12101243 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Katongole, Constantine Bakyusa
Yan, Tianhai
The Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Ammonia Emissions from Slurry from Lactating Holstein-Friesian Cows as Measured in Open-Circuit Respiration Chambers
title The Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Ammonia Emissions from Slurry from Lactating Holstein-Friesian Cows as Measured in Open-Circuit Respiration Chambers
title_full The Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Ammonia Emissions from Slurry from Lactating Holstein-Friesian Cows as Measured in Open-Circuit Respiration Chambers
title_fullStr The Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Ammonia Emissions from Slurry from Lactating Holstein-Friesian Cows as Measured in Open-Circuit Respiration Chambers
title_full_unstemmed The Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Ammonia Emissions from Slurry from Lactating Holstein-Friesian Cows as Measured in Open-Circuit Respiration Chambers
title_short The Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Ammonia Emissions from Slurry from Lactating Holstein-Friesian Cows as Measured in Open-Circuit Respiration Chambers
title_sort effects of dietary crude protein level on ammonia emissions from slurry from lactating holstein-friesian cows as measured in open-circuit respiration chambers
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9137890/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35625089
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12101243
work_keys_str_mv AT katongoleconstantinebakyusa theeffectsofdietarycrudeproteinlevelonammoniaemissionsfromslurryfromlactatingholsteinfriesiancowsasmeasuredinopencircuitrespirationchambers
AT yantianhai theeffectsofdietarycrudeproteinlevelonammoniaemissionsfromslurryfromlactatingholsteinfriesiancowsasmeasuredinopencircuitrespirationchambers
AT katongoleconstantinebakyusa effectsofdietarycrudeproteinlevelonammoniaemissionsfromslurryfromlactatingholsteinfriesiancowsasmeasuredinopencircuitrespirationchambers
AT yantianhai effectsofdietarycrudeproteinlevelonammoniaemissionsfromslurryfromlactatingholsteinfriesiancowsasmeasuredinopencircuitrespirationchambers