miRNA Pattern in Hypoxic Microenvironment of Kidney Cancer—Role of PTEN

MicroRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and disturbances of their expression are the basis of many pathological states, including cancers. The miRNA pattern in the context of tumor microenvironment explains mechanisms related to cancer progression and provides a potential target of modern therapies. Here we show the miRNA pattern in renal cancer focusing on hypoxia as a characteristic feature of the tumor microenvironment and dysregulation of PTEN, being a major tumor suppressor. Methods comprised the CRSPR/Cas9 mediated PTEN knockout in the Renca kidney cancer cell line and global miRNA expression analysis in both in vivo and in vitro (in normoxic and hypoxic conditions). The results were validated on human cancer models with distinct PTEN status. The increase in miR-210-3p in hypoxia was universal; however, the hypoxia-induced decrease in PTEN was associated with an increase in miR-221-3p, the loss of PTEN affected the response to hypoxia differently by decreasing miR-10b-5p and increasing miR-206-3p. In turn, the complete loss of PTEN induces miR-155-5p, miR-100-5p. Upregulation of miR-342-3p in knockout PTEN occurred in the context of the whole tumor microenvironment. Thus, effective identification of miRNA patterns in cancers must consider the specificity of the tumor microenvironment together with the mutations of key suppressors.