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Current Strategies for Real-Time Enzyme Activation

Enzyme activation is a powerful means of achieving biotransformation function, aiming to intensify the reaction processes with a higher yield of product in a short time, and can be exploited for diverse applications. However, conventional activation strategies such as genetic engineering and chemica...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wang, Fang, Liu, Yuchen, Du, Chang, Gao, Renjun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9139169/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35625527
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12050599
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author Wang, Fang
Liu, Yuchen
Du, Chang
Gao, Renjun
author_facet Wang, Fang
Liu, Yuchen
Du, Chang
Gao, Renjun
author_sort Wang, Fang
collection PubMed
description Enzyme activation is a powerful means of achieving biotransformation function, aiming to intensify the reaction processes with a higher yield of product in a short time, and can be exploited for diverse applications. However, conventional activation strategies such as genetic engineering and chemical modification are generally irreversible for enzyme activity, and they also have many limitations, including complex processes and unpredictable results. Recently, near-infrared (NIR), alternating magnetic field (AMF), microwave and ultrasound irradiation, as real-time and precise activation strategies for enzyme analysis, can address many limitations due to their deep penetrability, sustainability, low invasiveness, and sustainability and have been applied in many fields, such as biomedical and industrial applications and chemical synthesis. These spatiotemporal and controllable activation strategies can transfer light, electromagnetic, or ultrasound energy to enzymes, leading to favorable conformational changes and improving the thermal stability, stereoselectivity, and kinetics of enzymes. Furthermore, the different mechanisms of activation strategies have determined the type of applicable enzymes and manipulated protocol designs that either immobilize enzymes on nanomaterials responsive to light or magnetic fields or directly influence enzymatic properties. To employ these effects to finely and efficiently activate enzyme activity, the physicochemical features of nanomaterials and parameters, including the frequency and intensity of activation methods, must be optimized. Therefore, this review offers a comprehensive overview related to emerging technologies for achieving real-time enzyme activation and summarizes their characteristics and advanced applications.
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spelling pubmed-91391692022-05-28 Current Strategies for Real-Time Enzyme Activation Wang, Fang Liu, Yuchen Du, Chang Gao, Renjun Biomolecules Review Enzyme activation is a powerful means of achieving biotransformation function, aiming to intensify the reaction processes with a higher yield of product in a short time, and can be exploited for diverse applications. However, conventional activation strategies such as genetic engineering and chemical modification are generally irreversible for enzyme activity, and they also have many limitations, including complex processes and unpredictable results. Recently, near-infrared (NIR), alternating magnetic field (AMF), microwave and ultrasound irradiation, as real-time and precise activation strategies for enzyme analysis, can address many limitations due to their deep penetrability, sustainability, low invasiveness, and sustainability and have been applied in many fields, such as biomedical and industrial applications and chemical synthesis. These spatiotemporal and controllable activation strategies can transfer light, electromagnetic, or ultrasound energy to enzymes, leading to favorable conformational changes and improving the thermal stability, stereoselectivity, and kinetics of enzymes. Furthermore, the different mechanisms of activation strategies have determined the type of applicable enzymes and manipulated protocol designs that either immobilize enzymes on nanomaterials responsive to light or magnetic fields or directly influence enzymatic properties. To employ these effects to finely and efficiently activate enzyme activity, the physicochemical features of nanomaterials and parameters, including the frequency and intensity of activation methods, must be optimized. Therefore, this review offers a comprehensive overview related to emerging technologies for achieving real-time enzyme activation and summarizes their characteristics and advanced applications. MDPI 2022-04-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9139169/ /pubmed/35625527 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12050599 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Wang, Fang
Liu, Yuchen
Du, Chang
Gao, Renjun
Current Strategies for Real-Time Enzyme Activation
title Current Strategies for Real-Time Enzyme Activation
title_full Current Strategies for Real-Time Enzyme Activation
title_fullStr Current Strategies for Real-Time Enzyme Activation
title_full_unstemmed Current Strategies for Real-Time Enzyme Activation
title_short Current Strategies for Real-Time Enzyme Activation
title_sort current strategies for real-time enzyme activation
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9139169/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35625527
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12050599
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