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Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Diversity of the Reintroduction Populations of Endangered Przewalski’s Horse
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are the most polymorphic in vertebrates and the high variability in many MHC genes is thought to play a crucial role in pathogen recognition. The MHC class II locus DQA polymorphism was analyzed in the endangered Przewalski’s horse, Equus przewalskii, a s...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9140943/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35627313 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13050928 |
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author | Tang, Yongqing Liu, Gang Zhao, Shasha Li, Kai Zhang, Dong Liu, Shuqiang Hu, Defu |
author_facet | Tang, Yongqing Liu, Gang Zhao, Shasha Li, Kai Zhang, Dong Liu, Shuqiang Hu, Defu |
author_sort | Tang, Yongqing |
collection | PubMed |
description | Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are the most polymorphic in vertebrates and the high variability in many MHC genes is thought to play a crucial role in pathogen recognition. The MHC class II locus DQA polymorphism was analyzed in the endangered Przewalski’s horse, Equus przewalskii, a species that has been extinct in the wild and all the current living individuals descend from 12 founders. We used the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) to detect the polymorphism within the MHC DQA in 31 Przewalski’s horses from two reintroduced populations. Consequently, only seven alleles were identified, with only four presenting in each population. In comparison with other mammals, the Przewalski’s horse demonstrated less MHC variation. The nucleotide genetic distance of the seven ELA-DQA alleles was between 0.012 and 0.161. The Poisson corrected amino acid genetic distance of the founded alleles was 0.01–0.334. The allele and genotype frequencies of both reintroduced populations of Przewalski’s horse deviated from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Specific MHC DQA alleles may have been lost during the extreme bottleneck event that this species underwent throughout history. We suggest the necessity to detect the genetic background of individuals prior to performing the reintroduction project. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9140943 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91409432022-05-28 Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Diversity of the Reintroduction Populations of Endangered Przewalski’s Horse Tang, Yongqing Liu, Gang Zhao, Shasha Li, Kai Zhang, Dong Liu, Shuqiang Hu, Defu Genes (Basel) Article Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are the most polymorphic in vertebrates and the high variability in many MHC genes is thought to play a crucial role in pathogen recognition. The MHC class II locus DQA polymorphism was analyzed in the endangered Przewalski’s horse, Equus przewalskii, a species that has been extinct in the wild and all the current living individuals descend from 12 founders. We used the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) to detect the polymorphism within the MHC DQA in 31 Przewalski’s horses from two reintroduced populations. Consequently, only seven alleles were identified, with only four presenting in each population. In comparison with other mammals, the Przewalski’s horse demonstrated less MHC variation. The nucleotide genetic distance of the seven ELA-DQA alleles was between 0.012 and 0.161. The Poisson corrected amino acid genetic distance of the founded alleles was 0.01–0.334. The allele and genotype frequencies of both reintroduced populations of Przewalski’s horse deviated from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Specific MHC DQA alleles may have been lost during the extreme bottleneck event that this species underwent throughout history. We suggest the necessity to detect the genetic background of individuals prior to performing the reintroduction project. MDPI 2022-05-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9140943/ /pubmed/35627313 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13050928 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Tang, Yongqing Liu, Gang Zhao, Shasha Li, Kai Zhang, Dong Liu, Shuqiang Hu, Defu Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Diversity of the Reintroduction Populations of Endangered Przewalski’s Horse |
title | Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Diversity of the Reintroduction Populations of Endangered Przewalski’s Horse |
title_full | Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Diversity of the Reintroduction Populations of Endangered Przewalski’s Horse |
title_fullStr | Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Diversity of the Reintroduction Populations of Endangered Przewalski’s Horse |
title_full_unstemmed | Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Diversity of the Reintroduction Populations of Endangered Przewalski’s Horse |
title_short | Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Diversity of the Reintroduction Populations of Endangered Przewalski’s Horse |
title_sort | major histocompatibility complex (mhc) diversity of the reintroduction populations of endangered przewalski’s horse |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9140943/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35627313 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13050928 |
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