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Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major global health burden, causing chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate downstream...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9141274/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35628287 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105475 |
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author | Kayesh, Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kohara, Michinori Tsukiyama-Kohara, Kyoko |
author_facet | Kayesh, Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kohara, Michinori Tsukiyama-Kohara, Kyoko |
author_sort | Kayesh, Mohammad Enamul Hoque |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major global health burden, causing chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate downstream signaling to induce proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. An increasing number of studies have suggested the importance of TLR responses in the outcome of HCV infection. However, the exact role of innate immune responses, including TLR response, in controlling chronic HCV infection remains to be established. A proper understanding of the TLR response in HCV infection is essential for devising new therapeutic approaches against HCV infection. In this review, we discuss the progress made in our understanding of the host innate immune response to HCV infection, with a particular focus on the TLR response. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms adopted by HCV to avoid immune surveillance mediated by TLRs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9141274 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91412742022-05-28 Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview Kayesh, Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kohara, Michinori Tsukiyama-Kohara, Kyoko Int J Mol Sci Review Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major global health burden, causing chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate downstream signaling to induce proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. An increasing number of studies have suggested the importance of TLR responses in the outcome of HCV infection. However, the exact role of innate immune responses, including TLR response, in controlling chronic HCV infection remains to be established. A proper understanding of the TLR response in HCV infection is essential for devising new therapeutic approaches against HCV infection. In this review, we discuss the progress made in our understanding of the host innate immune response to HCV infection, with a particular focus on the TLR response. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms adopted by HCV to avoid immune surveillance mediated by TLRs. MDPI 2022-05-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9141274/ /pubmed/35628287 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105475 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kayesh, Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kohara, Michinori Tsukiyama-Kohara, Kyoko Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview |
title | Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview |
title_full | Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview |
title_fullStr | Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview |
title_full_unstemmed | Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview |
title_short | Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview |
title_sort | toll-like receptor response to hepatitis c virus infection: a recent overview |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9141274/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35628287 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105475 |
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