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Weakened PAM/PEI Polymer Gel for Oilfield Water Control: Remedy with Silica Nanoparticles
Polymer gel treatment is one of the most popular conformance control methods used in the petroleum industry. The advantage of the polymer gel system used in harsh reservoir conditions is an integrated process that must take into account all elements of gelation kinetics. In high-temperature applicat...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9141833/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35621563 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8050265 |
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author | Amir, Zulhelmi Saaid, Ismail Mohd Mohd Junaidi, Mohd Usman Wan Bakar, Wan Zairani |
author_facet | Amir, Zulhelmi Saaid, Ismail Mohd Mohd Junaidi, Mohd Usman Wan Bakar, Wan Zairani |
author_sort | Amir, Zulhelmi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Polymer gel treatment is one of the most popular conformance control methods used in the petroleum industry. The advantage of the polymer gel system used in harsh reservoir conditions is an integrated process that must take into account all elements of gelation kinetics. In high-temperature applications, NH(4)Cl has been selected as a retarder to extend the gelation time of a PAM/PEI gel system. However, the gel network loses gel strength when salt and retarder increase, resulting in a weak gel structure, and becomes susceptible. The combination of these two variables leads to the development of a weak gel network, making it fragile and susceptible. To strengthen the weakened PAM/PEI polymer gel, the addition of silica nanoparticles (silica NP) is considered an effective remedy. This article presents the performance of PAM/PEI polymer gel strengthened with silica NP, especially the performance in terms of viscosity, gelation time, and gel strength, as well as performance in porous media. For example, the results exhibited a high storage modulus, G′, which is almost 800 Pa, compared to the loss modulus, G″, throughout the frequency and strain range, indicating solid-like behavior, at significantly high amounts of silica NP. This finding provides a better understanding and knowledge on the influence of solid particles in enhancing the performance of PAM/PEI polymer gel that has been weakened by salinity and retarder. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9141833 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91418332022-05-28 Weakened PAM/PEI Polymer Gel for Oilfield Water Control: Remedy with Silica Nanoparticles Amir, Zulhelmi Saaid, Ismail Mohd Mohd Junaidi, Mohd Usman Wan Bakar, Wan Zairani Gels Article Polymer gel treatment is one of the most popular conformance control methods used in the petroleum industry. The advantage of the polymer gel system used in harsh reservoir conditions is an integrated process that must take into account all elements of gelation kinetics. In high-temperature applications, NH(4)Cl has been selected as a retarder to extend the gelation time of a PAM/PEI gel system. However, the gel network loses gel strength when salt and retarder increase, resulting in a weak gel structure, and becomes susceptible. The combination of these two variables leads to the development of a weak gel network, making it fragile and susceptible. To strengthen the weakened PAM/PEI polymer gel, the addition of silica nanoparticles (silica NP) is considered an effective remedy. This article presents the performance of PAM/PEI polymer gel strengthened with silica NP, especially the performance in terms of viscosity, gelation time, and gel strength, as well as performance in porous media. For example, the results exhibited a high storage modulus, G′, which is almost 800 Pa, compared to the loss modulus, G″, throughout the frequency and strain range, indicating solid-like behavior, at significantly high amounts of silica NP. This finding provides a better understanding and knowledge on the influence of solid particles in enhancing the performance of PAM/PEI polymer gel that has been weakened by salinity and retarder. MDPI 2022-04-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9141833/ /pubmed/35621563 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8050265 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Amir, Zulhelmi Saaid, Ismail Mohd Mohd Junaidi, Mohd Usman Wan Bakar, Wan Zairani Weakened PAM/PEI Polymer Gel for Oilfield Water Control: Remedy with Silica Nanoparticles |
title | Weakened PAM/PEI Polymer Gel for Oilfield Water Control: Remedy with Silica Nanoparticles |
title_full | Weakened PAM/PEI Polymer Gel for Oilfield Water Control: Remedy with Silica Nanoparticles |
title_fullStr | Weakened PAM/PEI Polymer Gel for Oilfield Water Control: Remedy with Silica Nanoparticles |
title_full_unstemmed | Weakened PAM/PEI Polymer Gel for Oilfield Water Control: Remedy with Silica Nanoparticles |
title_short | Weakened PAM/PEI Polymer Gel for Oilfield Water Control: Remedy with Silica Nanoparticles |
title_sort | weakened pam/pei polymer gel for oilfield water control: remedy with silica nanoparticles |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9141833/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35621563 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8050265 |
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