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Zebrafish: A New Promise to Study the Impact of Metabolic Disorders on the Brain

Zebrafish has become a popular model to study many physiological and pathophysiological processes in humans. In recent years, it has rapidly emerged in the study of metabolic disorders, namely, obesity and diabetes, as the regulatory mechanisms and metabolic pathways of glucose and lipid homeostasis...

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Autores principales: Ghaddar, Batoul, Diotel, Nicolas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9141892/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35628176
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105372
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author Ghaddar, Batoul
Diotel, Nicolas
author_facet Ghaddar, Batoul
Diotel, Nicolas
author_sort Ghaddar, Batoul
collection PubMed
description Zebrafish has become a popular model to study many physiological and pathophysiological processes in humans. In recent years, it has rapidly emerged in the study of metabolic disorders, namely, obesity and diabetes, as the regulatory mechanisms and metabolic pathways of glucose and lipid homeostasis are highly conserved between fish and mammals. Zebrafish is also widely used in the field of neurosciences to study brain plasticity and regenerative mechanisms due to the high maintenance and activity of neural stem cells during adulthood. Recently, a large body of evidence has established that metabolic disorders can alter brain homeostasis, leading to neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress and causing decreased neurogenesis. To date, these pathological metabolic conditions are also risk factors for the development of cognitive dysfunctions and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we first aim to describe the main metabolic models established in zebrafish to demonstrate their similarities with their respective mammalian/human counterparts. Then, in the second part, we report the impact of metabolic disorders (obesity and diabetes) on brain homeostasis with a particular focus on the blood–brain barrier, neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, cognitive functions and brain plasticity. Finally, we propose interesting signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms to be explored in order to better understand how metabolic disorders can negatively impact neural stem cell activity.
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spelling pubmed-91418922022-05-28 Zebrafish: A New Promise to Study the Impact of Metabolic Disorders on the Brain Ghaddar, Batoul Diotel, Nicolas Int J Mol Sci Review Zebrafish has become a popular model to study many physiological and pathophysiological processes in humans. In recent years, it has rapidly emerged in the study of metabolic disorders, namely, obesity and diabetes, as the regulatory mechanisms and metabolic pathways of glucose and lipid homeostasis are highly conserved between fish and mammals. Zebrafish is also widely used in the field of neurosciences to study brain plasticity and regenerative mechanisms due to the high maintenance and activity of neural stem cells during adulthood. Recently, a large body of evidence has established that metabolic disorders can alter brain homeostasis, leading to neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress and causing decreased neurogenesis. To date, these pathological metabolic conditions are also risk factors for the development of cognitive dysfunctions and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we first aim to describe the main metabolic models established in zebrafish to demonstrate their similarities with their respective mammalian/human counterparts. Then, in the second part, we report the impact of metabolic disorders (obesity and diabetes) on brain homeostasis with a particular focus on the blood–brain barrier, neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, cognitive functions and brain plasticity. Finally, we propose interesting signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms to be explored in order to better understand how metabolic disorders can negatively impact neural stem cell activity. MDPI 2022-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9141892/ /pubmed/35628176 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105372 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ghaddar, Batoul
Diotel, Nicolas
Zebrafish: A New Promise to Study the Impact of Metabolic Disorders on the Brain
title Zebrafish: A New Promise to Study the Impact of Metabolic Disorders on the Brain
title_full Zebrafish: A New Promise to Study the Impact of Metabolic Disorders on the Brain
title_fullStr Zebrafish: A New Promise to Study the Impact of Metabolic Disorders on the Brain
title_full_unstemmed Zebrafish: A New Promise to Study the Impact of Metabolic Disorders on the Brain
title_short Zebrafish: A New Promise to Study the Impact of Metabolic Disorders on the Brain
title_sort zebrafish: a new promise to study the impact of metabolic disorders on the brain
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9141892/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35628176
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105372
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