Glinus lotoides linn. Seed extract as antidiabetic agent: In vitro and in vivo anti-glucolipotoxicity efficacy in Type-II diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: Diabetes, especially type-II, prevailed despite recent medical advances. An edible G. lotoides (GL) seed is sold in Ethiopian traditional market such as ‘Merkato’ and used in folkloric medicine to treat diabetes. But to date not scientifically proven in this optic. As a result, this study set out to validate this claim. METHODS: Following G. lotoides seed has been extracted, its antidiabetic efficacy was initially validated in vitro before in vivo investigation. The in vitro activity was probed by employing carbohydrate and lipid metabolizing enzymes inhibition assay. Based on this fact, the in vivo antidiabetic efficacy was conducted in normoglycemic, oral glucose-loaded and streptozotocin (150 mg/kg)-nicotinamide (65 mg/kg)-elicited type II diabetic rats. RESULTS: The extract's LD(50) was found to be greater than 2 g/kg. In vitro tests pill up evidence that seed extract foils carbohydrate and lipid metabolizing enzyme activities (p < 0.001). On the other hand, seed extract significantly abridged blood glucose in normoglycaemic rats markedly (p < 0.05–0.001). The highest dose exhibited the strongest glucose tolerance effect, with a maximum slaying (41.1%) in glucose-loaded rats' plasma glucose (p < 0.001). All doses of the extract ameliorate blood glucose levels significantly in diabetic rats after 4 weeks of therapy (p < 0.05–0.001). Likewise, all test doses tempered harmful lipides in diabetic rats markedly (p < 0.05–0.001). But HDL (p < 0.01–0.001) and body weight losses (p < 0.05–0.001) were rectified. CONCLUSION: In consequence, our data unveils the safety and glucolipotoxicity inhibition potential of G. lotoides seed extract, authenticating the traditional standpoint that it might be converted into a viable anti-diabetic lead upon subsequent investigations.