Using the Smith-Watson-Topper Parameter and Its Modifications to Calculate the Fatigue Life of Metals: The State-of-the-Art

The Smith-Watson-Topper parameter (SWT) in its original form was designed to estimate the fatigue life of metal materials in a uniaxial load state (tension–compression) in the range up to fatigue crack initiation, with non-zero mean values. This parameter is based on the analysis of both stress and strain. Therefore, the stress–strain criterion is the focus, rather than the energy criterion. This paper presents the original SWT model and its numerous modifications. The first part presents different versions of this parameter defined by the normal parameters. Then, it presents versions defined through the tangent parameter and the most promising parameter defined through the tangent and normal parameters. It was noted that the final form of the equivalent value is defined either by stress or by an energy parameter. Therefore, the possible characteristics from which the fatigue life can be determined are also presented.