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Aflatoxin B1 Occurrence in Children under the Age of Five’s Food Products and Aflatoxin M1 Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization of Arab Infants through Consumption of Infant Powdered Formula: A Lebanese Experience

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a salient metabolite that can be used to assess Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB1) exposure in humans and animals. The carcinogenic potency of AFB1 and AFM1 was severely reported. The aims of this study were (1) to survey the contamination level of AFM1 in the most traded infant powdered f...

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Autores principales: Daou, Rouaa, Hoteit, Maha, Bookari, Khlood, Al-Khalaf, Majid, Nahle, Sahar, Al-Jawaldeh, Ayoub, Koubar, Mohamad, Doumiati, Samah, EL Khoury, André
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9143641/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35622537
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14050290
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author Daou, Rouaa
Hoteit, Maha
Bookari, Khlood
Al-Khalaf, Majid
Nahle, Sahar
Al-Jawaldeh, Ayoub
Koubar, Mohamad
Doumiati, Samah
EL Khoury, André
author_facet Daou, Rouaa
Hoteit, Maha
Bookari, Khlood
Al-Khalaf, Majid
Nahle, Sahar
Al-Jawaldeh, Ayoub
Koubar, Mohamad
Doumiati, Samah
EL Khoury, André
author_sort Daou, Rouaa
collection PubMed
description Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a salient metabolite that can be used to assess Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB1) exposure in humans and animals. The carcinogenic potency of AFB1 and AFM1 was severely reported. The aims of this study were (1) to survey the contamination level of AFM1 in the most traded infant powdered formula brands (IPF) (n = 42) along with the AFB1 level in under 5’s children food brands (biscuits, cornflakes, and cereals) (n = 42) and (2) to assess the estimated daily intake (EDI), the hazard quotient (HQ) and the margin of exposure (MOE) of AFM1 among infants (0–12 months) in Lebanon. All of the samples were analyzed using ELISA technique. AFB1 was below detection limit in all of the children’s food brands samples. Out of 42 IPF samples 9.5% were AFM1-positive in the range of 29.54–140.16 ng/L and exceeded the maximum tolerable limit (MTL) set by the European commission (25 ng/kg). The overall average contamination level was 5.72 ± 0.014 ng/L. The EDI of AMF1 for male was in the range of 0.37–0.78 ng/kg/b.w./day and 0.40–0.87 ng/kg/b.w./day for females. Similarly, the HQ calculation resulted in an average of 3.05 for males and 3.28 for females. MOE calculations were far lower from 10,000 in both genders which indicates a high risk of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Our findings show that AFM1’s EDI, HQ and MOE scored high among Lebanese infants. As infants consume more IPF relative to their body weight, the persistence of IPF with high AFM1 levels threatens their health. Thus, infant’s exposure risk to AFM1 in IPF should be a continuous focus of attention.
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spelling pubmed-91436412022-05-29 Aflatoxin B1 Occurrence in Children under the Age of Five’s Food Products and Aflatoxin M1 Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization of Arab Infants through Consumption of Infant Powdered Formula: A Lebanese Experience Daou, Rouaa Hoteit, Maha Bookari, Khlood Al-Khalaf, Majid Nahle, Sahar Al-Jawaldeh, Ayoub Koubar, Mohamad Doumiati, Samah EL Khoury, André Toxins (Basel) Article Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a salient metabolite that can be used to assess Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB1) exposure in humans and animals. The carcinogenic potency of AFB1 and AFM1 was severely reported. The aims of this study were (1) to survey the contamination level of AFM1 in the most traded infant powdered formula brands (IPF) (n = 42) along with the AFB1 level in under 5’s children food brands (biscuits, cornflakes, and cereals) (n = 42) and (2) to assess the estimated daily intake (EDI), the hazard quotient (HQ) and the margin of exposure (MOE) of AFM1 among infants (0–12 months) in Lebanon. All of the samples were analyzed using ELISA technique. AFB1 was below detection limit in all of the children’s food brands samples. Out of 42 IPF samples 9.5% were AFM1-positive in the range of 29.54–140.16 ng/L and exceeded the maximum tolerable limit (MTL) set by the European commission (25 ng/kg). The overall average contamination level was 5.72 ± 0.014 ng/L. The EDI of AMF1 for male was in the range of 0.37–0.78 ng/kg/b.w./day and 0.40–0.87 ng/kg/b.w./day for females. Similarly, the HQ calculation resulted in an average of 3.05 for males and 3.28 for females. MOE calculations were far lower from 10,000 in both genders which indicates a high risk of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Our findings show that AFM1’s EDI, HQ and MOE scored high among Lebanese infants. As infants consume more IPF relative to their body weight, the persistence of IPF with high AFM1 levels threatens their health. Thus, infant’s exposure risk to AFM1 in IPF should be a continuous focus of attention. MDPI 2022-04-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9143641/ /pubmed/35622537 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14050290 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Daou, Rouaa
Hoteit, Maha
Bookari, Khlood
Al-Khalaf, Majid
Nahle, Sahar
Al-Jawaldeh, Ayoub
Koubar, Mohamad
Doumiati, Samah
EL Khoury, André
Aflatoxin B1 Occurrence in Children under the Age of Five’s Food Products and Aflatoxin M1 Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization of Arab Infants through Consumption of Infant Powdered Formula: A Lebanese Experience
title Aflatoxin B1 Occurrence in Children under the Age of Five’s Food Products and Aflatoxin M1 Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization of Arab Infants through Consumption of Infant Powdered Formula: A Lebanese Experience
title_full Aflatoxin B1 Occurrence in Children under the Age of Five’s Food Products and Aflatoxin M1 Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization of Arab Infants through Consumption of Infant Powdered Formula: A Lebanese Experience
title_fullStr Aflatoxin B1 Occurrence in Children under the Age of Five’s Food Products and Aflatoxin M1 Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization of Arab Infants through Consumption of Infant Powdered Formula: A Lebanese Experience
title_full_unstemmed Aflatoxin B1 Occurrence in Children under the Age of Five’s Food Products and Aflatoxin M1 Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization of Arab Infants through Consumption of Infant Powdered Formula: A Lebanese Experience
title_short Aflatoxin B1 Occurrence in Children under the Age of Five’s Food Products and Aflatoxin M1 Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization of Arab Infants through Consumption of Infant Powdered Formula: A Lebanese Experience
title_sort aflatoxin b1 occurrence in children under the age of five’s food products and aflatoxin m1 exposure assessment and risk characterization of arab infants through consumption of infant powdered formula: a lebanese experience
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9143641/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35622537
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14050290
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