Cargando…

Recent Developments in the Diagnosis of Mucormycosis

Mucormycosis is a potentially fatal infection that presents in different clinical forms and occurs in patients with various risk factors. Recently, the COVID-19 epidemic has been responsible for an increase in the incidence of mucormycosis, particularly in India. As with other invasive filamentous f...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Dannaoui, Eric
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9143875/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35628713
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8050457
_version_ 1784715912935374848
author Dannaoui, Eric
author_facet Dannaoui, Eric
author_sort Dannaoui, Eric
collection PubMed
description Mucormycosis is a potentially fatal infection that presents in different clinical forms and occurs in patients with various risk factors. Recently, the COVID-19 epidemic has been responsible for an increase in the incidence of mucormycosis, particularly in India. As with other invasive filamentous fungal infections, there are no specific clinical or radiological signs, and we have fewer diagnostic tools available than for other invasive fungal infections. Therefore, the diagnosis of Mucormycosis remains difficult. Nevertheless, for optimal management, early and accurate diagnosis is important. According to the latest recommendations, diagnosis is based on direct examination of clinical specimens, and/or histopathology, and culture. There are also molecular tools for direct detection from clinical specimens, but these techniques are moderately recommended. The main problems with these molecular techniques are that, until now, they were not very well standardized; there was a great heterogeneity of DNA targets and methods, which resulted in variable sensitivity. It is in this field that most advances have been made in the last two years. Indeed, recent studies have evaluated the performance and kinetics of Mucorales qPCR in serum and have shown good sensitivity and specificity. Large inter-laboratory evaluations of qPCR in serum have also been performed and have demonstrated good qualitative and quantitative reproducibility. These new results suggest the use of Mucorales qPCR as part of the diagnostic strategy for mucormycosis. One way to achieve better reproducibility could be to use commercial methods. Currently, there are at least three commercial qPCRs for Mucorales (MucorGenius from PathoNostics, MycoGenie from Ademtech, and Fungiplex from Bruker) that can be used to test serum, respiratory samples, or biopsies. However, to date, there has been little evaluation of these methods. Overall, Mucorales PCR in tissue samples, in respiratory samples, and in serum is promising and its addition as a diagnostic tool in the definitions of invasive mucormycosis should be discussed.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9143875
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-91438752022-05-29 Recent Developments in the Diagnosis of Mucormycosis Dannaoui, Eric J Fungi (Basel) Review Mucormycosis is a potentially fatal infection that presents in different clinical forms and occurs in patients with various risk factors. Recently, the COVID-19 epidemic has been responsible for an increase in the incidence of mucormycosis, particularly in India. As with other invasive filamentous fungal infections, there are no specific clinical or radiological signs, and we have fewer diagnostic tools available than for other invasive fungal infections. Therefore, the diagnosis of Mucormycosis remains difficult. Nevertheless, for optimal management, early and accurate diagnosis is important. According to the latest recommendations, diagnosis is based on direct examination of clinical specimens, and/or histopathology, and culture. There are also molecular tools for direct detection from clinical specimens, but these techniques are moderately recommended. The main problems with these molecular techniques are that, until now, they were not very well standardized; there was a great heterogeneity of DNA targets and methods, which resulted in variable sensitivity. It is in this field that most advances have been made in the last two years. Indeed, recent studies have evaluated the performance and kinetics of Mucorales qPCR in serum and have shown good sensitivity and specificity. Large inter-laboratory evaluations of qPCR in serum have also been performed and have demonstrated good qualitative and quantitative reproducibility. These new results suggest the use of Mucorales qPCR as part of the diagnostic strategy for mucormycosis. One way to achieve better reproducibility could be to use commercial methods. Currently, there are at least three commercial qPCRs for Mucorales (MucorGenius from PathoNostics, MycoGenie from Ademtech, and Fungiplex from Bruker) that can be used to test serum, respiratory samples, or biopsies. However, to date, there has been little evaluation of these methods. Overall, Mucorales PCR in tissue samples, in respiratory samples, and in serum is promising and its addition as a diagnostic tool in the definitions of invasive mucormycosis should be discussed. MDPI 2022-04-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9143875/ /pubmed/35628713 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8050457 Text en © 2022 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Dannaoui, Eric
Recent Developments in the Diagnosis of Mucormycosis
title Recent Developments in the Diagnosis of Mucormycosis
title_full Recent Developments in the Diagnosis of Mucormycosis
title_fullStr Recent Developments in the Diagnosis of Mucormycosis
title_full_unstemmed Recent Developments in the Diagnosis of Mucormycosis
title_short Recent Developments in the Diagnosis of Mucormycosis
title_sort recent developments in the diagnosis of mucormycosis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9143875/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35628713
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8050457
work_keys_str_mv AT dannaouieric recentdevelopmentsinthediagnosisofmucormycosis