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Characterization of Two Highly Arsenic-Resistant Caulobacteraceae Strains of Brevundimonas nasdae: Discovery of a New Arsenic Resistance Determinant
Arsenic (As), distributed widely in the natural environment, is a toxic substance which can severely impair the normal functions in living cells. Research on the genetic determinants conferring functions in arsenic resistance and metabolism is of great importance for remediating arsenic-contaminated...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9144182/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35628430 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105619 |
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author | Yang, Xiaojun Li, Yuanping Feng, Renwei Chen, Jian Alwathnani, Hend A. Xu, Weifeng Rensing, Christopher |
author_facet | Yang, Xiaojun Li, Yuanping Feng, Renwei Chen, Jian Alwathnani, Hend A. Xu, Weifeng Rensing, Christopher |
author_sort | Yang, Xiaojun |
collection | PubMed |
description | Arsenic (As), distributed widely in the natural environment, is a toxic substance which can severely impair the normal functions in living cells. Research on the genetic determinants conferring functions in arsenic resistance and metabolism is of great importance for remediating arsenic-contaminated environments. Many organisms, including bacteria, have developed various strategies to tolerate arsenic, by either detoxifying this harmful element or utilizing it for energy generation. More and more new arsenic resistance (ars) determinants have been identified to be conferring resistance to diverse arsenic compounds and encoded in ars operons. There is a hazard in mobilizing arsenic during gold-mining activities due to gold- and arsenic-bearing minerals coexisting. In this study, we isolated 8 gold enrichment strains from the Zijin gold and copper mine (Longyan, Fujian Province, China) wastewater treatment site soil, at an altitude of 192 m. We identified two Brevundimonas nasdae strains, Au-Bre29 and Au-Bre30, among these eight strains, having a high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for As(III). These two strains contained the same ars operons but displayed differences regarding secretion of extra-polymeric substances (EPS) upon arsenite (As(III)) stress. B. nasdae Au-Bre29 contained one extra plasmid but without harboring any additional ars genes compared to B. nasdae Au-Bre30. We optimized the growth conditions for strains Au-Bre29 and Au-Bre30. Au-Bre30 was able to tolerate both a lower pH and slightly higher concentrations of NaCl. We also identified folE, a folate synthesis gene, in the ars operon of these two strains. In most organisms, folate synthesis begins with a FolE (GTP-Cyclohydrolase I)-type enzyme, and the corresponding gene is typically designated folE (in bacteria) or gch1 (in mammals). Heterologous expression of folE, cloned from B. nasdae Au-Bre30, in the arsenic-hypersensitive strain Escherichia coli AW3110, conferred resistance to As(III), arsenate (As(V)), trivalent roxarsone (Rox(III)), pentavalent roxarsone (Rox(V)), trivalent antimonite (Sb(III)), and pentavalent antimonate (Sb(V)), indicating that folate biosynthesis is a target of arsenite toxicity and increased production of folate confers increased resistance to oxyanions. Genes encoding Acr3 and ArsH were shown to confer resistance to As(III), Rox(III), Sb(III), and Sb(V), and ArsH also conferred resistance to As(V). Acr3 did not confer resistance to As(V) and Rox(V), while ArsH did not confer resistance to Rox(V). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9144182 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91441822022-05-29 Characterization of Two Highly Arsenic-Resistant Caulobacteraceae Strains of Brevundimonas nasdae: Discovery of a New Arsenic Resistance Determinant Yang, Xiaojun Li, Yuanping Feng, Renwei Chen, Jian Alwathnani, Hend A. Xu, Weifeng Rensing, Christopher Int J Mol Sci Article Arsenic (As), distributed widely in the natural environment, is a toxic substance which can severely impair the normal functions in living cells. Research on the genetic determinants conferring functions in arsenic resistance and metabolism is of great importance for remediating arsenic-contaminated environments. Many organisms, including bacteria, have developed various strategies to tolerate arsenic, by either detoxifying this harmful element or utilizing it for energy generation. More and more new arsenic resistance (ars) determinants have been identified to be conferring resistance to diverse arsenic compounds and encoded in ars operons. There is a hazard in mobilizing arsenic during gold-mining activities due to gold- and arsenic-bearing minerals coexisting. In this study, we isolated 8 gold enrichment strains from the Zijin gold and copper mine (Longyan, Fujian Province, China) wastewater treatment site soil, at an altitude of 192 m. We identified two Brevundimonas nasdae strains, Au-Bre29 and Au-Bre30, among these eight strains, having a high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for As(III). These two strains contained the same ars operons but displayed differences regarding secretion of extra-polymeric substances (EPS) upon arsenite (As(III)) stress. B. nasdae Au-Bre29 contained one extra plasmid but without harboring any additional ars genes compared to B. nasdae Au-Bre30. We optimized the growth conditions for strains Au-Bre29 and Au-Bre30. Au-Bre30 was able to tolerate both a lower pH and slightly higher concentrations of NaCl. We also identified folE, a folate synthesis gene, in the ars operon of these two strains. In most organisms, folate synthesis begins with a FolE (GTP-Cyclohydrolase I)-type enzyme, and the corresponding gene is typically designated folE (in bacteria) or gch1 (in mammals). Heterologous expression of folE, cloned from B. nasdae Au-Bre30, in the arsenic-hypersensitive strain Escherichia coli AW3110, conferred resistance to As(III), arsenate (As(V)), trivalent roxarsone (Rox(III)), pentavalent roxarsone (Rox(V)), trivalent antimonite (Sb(III)), and pentavalent antimonate (Sb(V)), indicating that folate biosynthesis is a target of arsenite toxicity and increased production of folate confers increased resistance to oxyanions. Genes encoding Acr3 and ArsH were shown to confer resistance to As(III), Rox(III), Sb(III), and Sb(V), and ArsH also conferred resistance to As(V). Acr3 did not confer resistance to As(V) and Rox(V), while ArsH did not confer resistance to Rox(V). MDPI 2022-05-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9144182/ /pubmed/35628430 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105619 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Yang, Xiaojun Li, Yuanping Feng, Renwei Chen, Jian Alwathnani, Hend A. Xu, Weifeng Rensing, Christopher Characterization of Two Highly Arsenic-Resistant Caulobacteraceae Strains of Brevundimonas nasdae: Discovery of a New Arsenic Resistance Determinant |
title | Characterization of Two Highly Arsenic-Resistant Caulobacteraceae Strains of Brevundimonas nasdae: Discovery of a New Arsenic Resistance Determinant |
title_full | Characterization of Two Highly Arsenic-Resistant Caulobacteraceae Strains of Brevundimonas nasdae: Discovery of a New Arsenic Resistance Determinant |
title_fullStr | Characterization of Two Highly Arsenic-Resistant Caulobacteraceae Strains of Brevundimonas nasdae: Discovery of a New Arsenic Resistance Determinant |
title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Two Highly Arsenic-Resistant Caulobacteraceae Strains of Brevundimonas nasdae: Discovery of a New Arsenic Resistance Determinant |
title_short | Characterization of Two Highly Arsenic-Resistant Caulobacteraceae Strains of Brevundimonas nasdae: Discovery of a New Arsenic Resistance Determinant |
title_sort | characterization of two highly arsenic-resistant caulobacteraceae strains of brevundimonas nasdae: discovery of a new arsenic resistance determinant |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9144182/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35628430 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105619 |
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