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Spinal Cord Injury and Loss of Cortical Inhibition
After spinal cord injury (SCI), the destruction of spinal parenchyma causes permanent deficits in motor functions, which correlates with the severity and location of the lesion. Despite being disconnected from their targets, most cortical motor neurons survive the acute phase of SCI, and these neuro...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9144195/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35628434 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105622 |
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author | Benedetti, Bruno Weidenhammer, Annika Reisinger, Maximilian Couillard-Despres, Sebastien |
author_facet | Benedetti, Bruno Weidenhammer, Annika Reisinger, Maximilian Couillard-Despres, Sebastien |
author_sort | Benedetti, Bruno |
collection | PubMed |
description | After spinal cord injury (SCI), the destruction of spinal parenchyma causes permanent deficits in motor functions, which correlates with the severity and location of the lesion. Despite being disconnected from their targets, most cortical motor neurons survive the acute phase of SCI, and these neurons can therefore be a resource for functional recovery, provided that they are properly reconnected and retuned to a physiological state. However, inappropriate re-integration of cortical neurons or aberrant activity of corticospinal networks may worsen the long-term outcomes of SCI. In this review, we revisit recent studies addressing the relation between cortical disinhibition and functional recovery after SCI. Evidence suggests that cortical disinhibition can be either beneficial or detrimental in a context-dependent manner. A careful examination of clinical data helps to resolve apparent paradoxes and explain the heterogeneity of treatment outcomes. Additionally, evidence gained from SCI animal models indicates probable mechanisms mediating cortical disinhibition. Understanding the mechanisms and dynamics of cortical disinhibition is a prerequisite to improve current interventions through targeted pharmacological and/or rehabilitative interventions following SCI. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9144195 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91441952022-05-29 Spinal Cord Injury and Loss of Cortical Inhibition Benedetti, Bruno Weidenhammer, Annika Reisinger, Maximilian Couillard-Despres, Sebastien Int J Mol Sci Review After spinal cord injury (SCI), the destruction of spinal parenchyma causes permanent deficits in motor functions, which correlates with the severity and location of the lesion. Despite being disconnected from their targets, most cortical motor neurons survive the acute phase of SCI, and these neurons can therefore be a resource for functional recovery, provided that they are properly reconnected and retuned to a physiological state. However, inappropriate re-integration of cortical neurons or aberrant activity of corticospinal networks may worsen the long-term outcomes of SCI. In this review, we revisit recent studies addressing the relation between cortical disinhibition and functional recovery after SCI. Evidence suggests that cortical disinhibition can be either beneficial or detrimental in a context-dependent manner. A careful examination of clinical data helps to resolve apparent paradoxes and explain the heterogeneity of treatment outcomes. Additionally, evidence gained from SCI animal models indicates probable mechanisms mediating cortical disinhibition. Understanding the mechanisms and dynamics of cortical disinhibition is a prerequisite to improve current interventions through targeted pharmacological and/or rehabilitative interventions following SCI. MDPI 2022-05-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9144195/ /pubmed/35628434 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105622 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Benedetti, Bruno Weidenhammer, Annika Reisinger, Maximilian Couillard-Despres, Sebastien Spinal Cord Injury and Loss of Cortical Inhibition |
title | Spinal Cord Injury and Loss of Cortical Inhibition |
title_full | Spinal Cord Injury and Loss of Cortical Inhibition |
title_fullStr | Spinal Cord Injury and Loss of Cortical Inhibition |
title_full_unstemmed | Spinal Cord Injury and Loss of Cortical Inhibition |
title_short | Spinal Cord Injury and Loss of Cortical Inhibition |
title_sort | spinal cord injury and loss of cortical inhibition |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9144195/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35628434 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105622 |
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