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Comprehensive Metabolomic Comparison of Five Cereal Vinegars Using Non-Targeted and Chemical Isotope Labeling LC-MS Analysis
Vinegar is used as an acidic condiment and preservative worldwide. In Asia, various black vinegars are made from different combinations of grains, such as Sichuan bran vinegar (SBV), Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV), Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar (ZAV), and Fujian Monascus vinegar (FMV) in China and Ehime bla...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9144210/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35629931 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12050427 |
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author | Li, Zhihua Zhao, Chi Dong, Ling Huan, Yu Yoshimoto, Miwa Zhu, Yongqing Tada, Ipputa Wang, Xiaohang Zhao, Shuang Zhang, Fengju Li, Liang Arita, Masanori |
author_facet | Li, Zhihua Zhao, Chi Dong, Ling Huan, Yu Yoshimoto, Miwa Zhu, Yongqing Tada, Ipputa Wang, Xiaohang Zhao, Shuang Zhang, Fengju Li, Liang Arita, Masanori |
author_sort | Li, Zhihua |
collection | PubMed |
description | Vinegar is used as an acidic condiment and preservative worldwide. In Asia, various black vinegars are made from different combinations of grains, such as Sichuan bran vinegar (SBV), Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV), Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar (ZAV), and Fujian Monascus vinegar (FMV) in China and Ehime black vinegar in Japan (JBV). Understanding the chemical compositions of different vinegars can provide information about nutritional values and the quality of the taste. This study investigated the vinegar metabolome using a combination of GC-MS, conventional LC-MS, and chemical isotope labeling LC-MS. Different types of vinegar contained different metabolites and concentrations. Amino acids and organic acids were found to be the main components. Tetrahydroharman-3-carboxylic acid and harmalan were identified first in vinegar. Various diketopiperazines and linear dipeptides contributing to different taste effects were also detected first in vinegar. Dipeptides, 3-phenyllactic acid, and tyrosine were found to be potential metabolic markers for differentiating vinegars. The differently expressed pathway between Chinese and Japanese vinegar was tryptophan metabolism, while the main difference within Chinese vinegars was aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis metabolism. These results not only give insights into the metabolites in famous types of cereal vinegar but also provide valuable knowledge for making vinegar with desirable health characteristics. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9144210 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91442102022-05-29 Comprehensive Metabolomic Comparison of Five Cereal Vinegars Using Non-Targeted and Chemical Isotope Labeling LC-MS Analysis Li, Zhihua Zhao, Chi Dong, Ling Huan, Yu Yoshimoto, Miwa Zhu, Yongqing Tada, Ipputa Wang, Xiaohang Zhao, Shuang Zhang, Fengju Li, Liang Arita, Masanori Metabolites Article Vinegar is used as an acidic condiment and preservative worldwide. In Asia, various black vinegars are made from different combinations of grains, such as Sichuan bran vinegar (SBV), Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV), Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar (ZAV), and Fujian Monascus vinegar (FMV) in China and Ehime black vinegar in Japan (JBV). Understanding the chemical compositions of different vinegars can provide information about nutritional values and the quality of the taste. This study investigated the vinegar metabolome using a combination of GC-MS, conventional LC-MS, and chemical isotope labeling LC-MS. Different types of vinegar contained different metabolites and concentrations. Amino acids and organic acids were found to be the main components. Tetrahydroharman-3-carboxylic acid and harmalan were identified first in vinegar. Various diketopiperazines and linear dipeptides contributing to different taste effects were also detected first in vinegar. Dipeptides, 3-phenyllactic acid, and tyrosine were found to be potential metabolic markers for differentiating vinegars. The differently expressed pathway between Chinese and Japanese vinegar was tryptophan metabolism, while the main difference within Chinese vinegars was aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis metabolism. These results not only give insights into the metabolites in famous types of cereal vinegar but also provide valuable knowledge for making vinegar with desirable health characteristics. MDPI 2022-05-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9144210/ /pubmed/35629931 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12050427 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Li, Zhihua Zhao, Chi Dong, Ling Huan, Yu Yoshimoto, Miwa Zhu, Yongqing Tada, Ipputa Wang, Xiaohang Zhao, Shuang Zhang, Fengju Li, Liang Arita, Masanori Comprehensive Metabolomic Comparison of Five Cereal Vinegars Using Non-Targeted and Chemical Isotope Labeling LC-MS Analysis |
title | Comprehensive Metabolomic Comparison of Five Cereal Vinegars Using Non-Targeted and Chemical Isotope Labeling LC-MS Analysis |
title_full | Comprehensive Metabolomic Comparison of Five Cereal Vinegars Using Non-Targeted and Chemical Isotope Labeling LC-MS Analysis |
title_fullStr | Comprehensive Metabolomic Comparison of Five Cereal Vinegars Using Non-Targeted and Chemical Isotope Labeling LC-MS Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive Metabolomic Comparison of Five Cereal Vinegars Using Non-Targeted and Chemical Isotope Labeling LC-MS Analysis |
title_short | Comprehensive Metabolomic Comparison of Five Cereal Vinegars Using Non-Targeted and Chemical Isotope Labeling LC-MS Analysis |
title_sort | comprehensive metabolomic comparison of five cereal vinegars using non-targeted and chemical isotope labeling lc-ms analysis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9144210/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35629931 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12050427 |
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