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The Association between Maternal Periodontitis and Preterm Birth: A Case-Control Study in a Low-Resource Setting in Sudan, Africa

Background and Objectives: Vast data have been published recently on the association between periodontitis and preterm birth (PB). However, these studies have shown inconsistent results. Few of them were conducted in Africa, and data has not been published on the association between periodontitis an...

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Autores principales: Shaggag, Lubna M., ALhabardi, Nadiah, Adam, Ishag
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9144536/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35630049
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58050632
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author Shaggag, Lubna M.
ALhabardi, Nadiah
Adam, Ishag
author_facet Shaggag, Lubna M.
ALhabardi, Nadiah
Adam, Ishag
author_sort Shaggag, Lubna M.
collection PubMed
description Background and Objectives: Vast data have been published recently on the association between periodontitis and preterm birth (PB). However, these studies have shown inconsistent results. Few of them were conducted in Africa, and data has not been published on the association between periodontitis and PB in Sudan. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Omdurman maternity hospital in Sudan from February through October 2021. The cases were women with spontaneous PB (<37 weeks), and healthy women with TB (37–42 weeks) were the controls. Questionnaires (demographics, medical and obstetric factors) were completed through face-to-face interviews. Periodontitis was diagnosed by the Community Periodontal Index as: “bleeding on probing and a pocket depth of ≥3 mm and clinical attachment loss of ≥6 mm, calculus with plaque deposits, and gingival recession”. Multivariate regression analysis was performed with PB as the dependent variable. Results: One hundred sixty-five women were enrolled in each arm of the study. The age, parity and body mass index did not significantly differ between the women with PB and those with TB. Compared with the controls, a significantly higher number of women with PB had periodontitis (50/165 (30.3%) vs. 30/165 (18.2%), p = 0.011). The association between periodontitis and PB was significant. Women who had periodontitis had double the odds of having PB compared to women who had no periodontitis (adjusted Odd Ratio = 2.05, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.20–3.52). Moreover, the haemoglobin level (adjusted Odd Ratio = 0.67, 95% Confidence Interval = 0.51–0.88) was inversely associated with PB. Conclusion: The study results indicate that periodontitis and low haemoglobin were strongly associated with PB. Preventive measures, including the use of periodontitis screening and the prevention of anaemia, are needed to reduce PB in this setting.
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spelling pubmed-91445362022-05-29 The Association between Maternal Periodontitis and Preterm Birth: A Case-Control Study in a Low-Resource Setting in Sudan, Africa Shaggag, Lubna M. ALhabardi, Nadiah Adam, Ishag Medicina (Kaunas) Article Background and Objectives: Vast data have been published recently on the association between periodontitis and preterm birth (PB). However, these studies have shown inconsistent results. Few of them were conducted in Africa, and data has not been published on the association between periodontitis and PB in Sudan. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Omdurman maternity hospital in Sudan from February through October 2021. The cases were women with spontaneous PB (<37 weeks), and healthy women with TB (37–42 weeks) were the controls. Questionnaires (demographics, medical and obstetric factors) were completed through face-to-face interviews. Periodontitis was diagnosed by the Community Periodontal Index as: “bleeding on probing and a pocket depth of ≥3 mm and clinical attachment loss of ≥6 mm, calculus with plaque deposits, and gingival recession”. Multivariate regression analysis was performed with PB as the dependent variable. Results: One hundred sixty-five women were enrolled in each arm of the study. The age, parity and body mass index did not significantly differ between the women with PB and those with TB. Compared with the controls, a significantly higher number of women with PB had periodontitis (50/165 (30.3%) vs. 30/165 (18.2%), p = 0.011). The association between periodontitis and PB was significant. Women who had periodontitis had double the odds of having PB compared to women who had no periodontitis (adjusted Odd Ratio = 2.05, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.20–3.52). Moreover, the haemoglobin level (adjusted Odd Ratio = 0.67, 95% Confidence Interval = 0.51–0.88) was inversely associated with PB. Conclusion: The study results indicate that periodontitis and low haemoglobin were strongly associated with PB. Preventive measures, including the use of periodontitis screening and the prevention of anaemia, are needed to reduce PB in this setting. MDPI 2022-05-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9144536/ /pubmed/35630049 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58050632 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Shaggag, Lubna M.
ALhabardi, Nadiah
Adam, Ishag
The Association between Maternal Periodontitis and Preterm Birth: A Case-Control Study in a Low-Resource Setting in Sudan, Africa
title The Association between Maternal Periodontitis and Preterm Birth: A Case-Control Study in a Low-Resource Setting in Sudan, Africa
title_full The Association between Maternal Periodontitis and Preterm Birth: A Case-Control Study in a Low-Resource Setting in Sudan, Africa
title_fullStr The Association between Maternal Periodontitis and Preterm Birth: A Case-Control Study in a Low-Resource Setting in Sudan, Africa
title_full_unstemmed The Association between Maternal Periodontitis and Preterm Birth: A Case-Control Study in a Low-Resource Setting in Sudan, Africa
title_short The Association between Maternal Periodontitis and Preterm Birth: A Case-Control Study in a Low-Resource Setting in Sudan, Africa
title_sort association between maternal periodontitis and preterm birth: a case-control study in a low-resource setting in sudan, africa
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9144536/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35630049
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58050632
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