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Combination Strategies Involving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Tyrosine Kinase or BRAF Inhibitors in Aggressive Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid cancer is the most common (~90%) type of endocrine-system tumor, accounting for 70% of the deaths from endocrine cancers. In the last years, the high-throughput genomics has been able to identify pathways/molecular targets involved in survival and tumor progression. Targeted therapy and immu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9144613/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35628540 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105731 |
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author | Ragusa, Francesca Ferrari, Silvia Martina Elia, Giusy Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria Balestri, Eugenia Botrini, Chiara Patrizio, Armando Mazzi, Valeria Guglielmi, Giovanni Foddis, Rudy Spinelli, Claudio Ulisse, Salvatore Antonelli, Alessandro Fallahi, Poupak |
author_facet | Ragusa, Francesca Ferrari, Silvia Martina Elia, Giusy Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria Balestri, Eugenia Botrini, Chiara Patrizio, Armando Mazzi, Valeria Guglielmi, Giovanni Foddis, Rudy Spinelli, Claudio Ulisse, Salvatore Antonelli, Alessandro Fallahi, Poupak |
author_sort | Ragusa, Francesca |
collection | PubMed |
description | Thyroid cancer is the most common (~90%) type of endocrine-system tumor, accounting for 70% of the deaths from endocrine cancers. In the last years, the high-throughput genomics has been able to identify pathways/molecular targets involved in survival and tumor progression. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy individually have many limitations. Regarding the first one, although it greatly reduces the size of the cancer, clinical responses are generally transient and often lead to cancer relapse after initial treatment. For the second one, although it induces longer-lasting responses in cancer patients than targeted therapy, its response rate is lower. The individual limitations of these two different types of therapies can be overcome by combining them. Here, we discuss MAPK pathway inhibitors, i.e., BRAF and MEK inhibitors, combined with checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4. Several mutations make tumors resistant to treatments. Therefore, more studies are needed to investigate the patient’s individual tumor mutation burden in order to overcome the problem of resistance to therapy and to develop new combination therapies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9144613 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91446132022-05-29 Combination Strategies Involving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Tyrosine Kinase or BRAF Inhibitors in Aggressive Thyroid Cancer Ragusa, Francesca Ferrari, Silvia Martina Elia, Giusy Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria Balestri, Eugenia Botrini, Chiara Patrizio, Armando Mazzi, Valeria Guglielmi, Giovanni Foddis, Rudy Spinelli, Claudio Ulisse, Salvatore Antonelli, Alessandro Fallahi, Poupak Int J Mol Sci Review Thyroid cancer is the most common (~90%) type of endocrine-system tumor, accounting for 70% of the deaths from endocrine cancers. In the last years, the high-throughput genomics has been able to identify pathways/molecular targets involved in survival and tumor progression. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy individually have many limitations. Regarding the first one, although it greatly reduces the size of the cancer, clinical responses are generally transient and often lead to cancer relapse after initial treatment. For the second one, although it induces longer-lasting responses in cancer patients than targeted therapy, its response rate is lower. The individual limitations of these two different types of therapies can be overcome by combining them. Here, we discuss MAPK pathway inhibitors, i.e., BRAF and MEK inhibitors, combined with checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4. Several mutations make tumors resistant to treatments. Therefore, more studies are needed to investigate the patient’s individual tumor mutation burden in order to overcome the problem of resistance to therapy and to develop new combination therapies. MDPI 2022-05-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9144613/ /pubmed/35628540 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105731 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ragusa, Francesca Ferrari, Silvia Martina Elia, Giusy Paparo, Sabrina Rosaria Balestri, Eugenia Botrini, Chiara Patrizio, Armando Mazzi, Valeria Guglielmi, Giovanni Foddis, Rudy Spinelli, Claudio Ulisse, Salvatore Antonelli, Alessandro Fallahi, Poupak Combination Strategies Involving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Tyrosine Kinase or BRAF Inhibitors in Aggressive Thyroid Cancer |
title | Combination Strategies Involving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Tyrosine Kinase or BRAF Inhibitors in Aggressive Thyroid Cancer |
title_full | Combination Strategies Involving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Tyrosine Kinase or BRAF Inhibitors in Aggressive Thyroid Cancer |
title_fullStr | Combination Strategies Involving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Tyrosine Kinase or BRAF Inhibitors in Aggressive Thyroid Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Combination Strategies Involving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Tyrosine Kinase or BRAF Inhibitors in Aggressive Thyroid Cancer |
title_short | Combination Strategies Involving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Tyrosine Kinase or BRAF Inhibitors in Aggressive Thyroid Cancer |
title_sort | combination strategies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase or braf inhibitors in aggressive thyroid cancer |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9144613/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35628540 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105731 |
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