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Breastfeeding, nutrition and type 1 diabetes: a case-control study in Izmir, Turkey
BACKGROUND: The relationship between infant breastfeeding and type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is unclear but it has been suggested that there may be a link between many environmental factors, including dietary antigens affecting diabetes epidemiology. The main objective of this study is to investigate...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9145075/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35624486 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13006-022-00470-z |
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author | Çiçekli, İpek Durusoy, Raika |
author_facet | Çiçekli, İpek Durusoy, Raika |
author_sort | Çiçekli, İpek |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The relationship between infant breastfeeding and type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is unclear but it has been suggested that there may be a link between many environmental factors, including dietary antigens affecting diabetes epidemiology. The main objective of this study is to investigate nutritional risk factors, especially breastfeeding early in life that may be associated with the development of type 1 DM and to determine the relationship these factors have with the disease. METHODS: This research is a case-control study and was carried out in Ege University Children’s Hospital in İzmir, Turkey between 13 January 2020 and 5 March 2020. A total of 246 children aged between 4 and 14 years were included in the study. The case group consisted of patients diagnosed with type 1 DM followed-up by Ege University Children’s Hospital’s Endocrinology Unit and the control group included non-diabetic children attending the same hospital’s General Pediatric Outpatient Clinic. A structured questionnaire was created by the researchers after reviewing the literature related to nutritional and other risk factors for type 1 DM. The questionnaire was administered by interviewing the parents and it was related to the child, mother and family of the child. In this study, breastfeeding duration was defined as the total duration of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding meant that the child received only breast milk from the mother. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 6.30 ± 4.03 years for cases and 7.48 ± 2.56 years for controls. We found that each monthly increase in exclusive breastfeeding duration provided a 0.83-fold (95% CI 0.72, 0.96) decrease in the risk of type 1 DM. Introduction of cereals in the diet at the sixth month or earlier was associated with a 2.58-fold (95% CI 1.29, 5.16) increased risk. CONCLUSIONS: Determining the contribution of exclusive breastfeeding to the disease is important in establishing preventive policies. A longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding may be an important role in preventing the disease. This free intervention that truly works will be cost-effective. Future studies are needed to clarify the role of both exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding on the development of type 1 DM. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13006-022-00470-z. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9145075 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-91450752022-05-29 Breastfeeding, nutrition and type 1 diabetes: a case-control study in Izmir, Turkey Çiçekli, İpek Durusoy, Raika Int Breastfeed J Research BACKGROUND: The relationship between infant breastfeeding and type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is unclear but it has been suggested that there may be a link between many environmental factors, including dietary antigens affecting diabetes epidemiology. The main objective of this study is to investigate nutritional risk factors, especially breastfeeding early in life that may be associated with the development of type 1 DM and to determine the relationship these factors have with the disease. METHODS: This research is a case-control study and was carried out in Ege University Children’s Hospital in İzmir, Turkey between 13 January 2020 and 5 March 2020. A total of 246 children aged between 4 and 14 years were included in the study. The case group consisted of patients diagnosed with type 1 DM followed-up by Ege University Children’s Hospital’s Endocrinology Unit and the control group included non-diabetic children attending the same hospital’s General Pediatric Outpatient Clinic. A structured questionnaire was created by the researchers after reviewing the literature related to nutritional and other risk factors for type 1 DM. The questionnaire was administered by interviewing the parents and it was related to the child, mother and family of the child. In this study, breastfeeding duration was defined as the total duration of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding meant that the child received only breast milk from the mother. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 6.30 ± 4.03 years for cases and 7.48 ± 2.56 years for controls. We found that each monthly increase in exclusive breastfeeding duration provided a 0.83-fold (95% CI 0.72, 0.96) decrease in the risk of type 1 DM. Introduction of cereals in the diet at the sixth month or earlier was associated with a 2.58-fold (95% CI 1.29, 5.16) increased risk. CONCLUSIONS: Determining the contribution of exclusive breastfeeding to the disease is important in establishing preventive policies. A longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding may be an important role in preventing the disease. This free intervention that truly works will be cost-effective. Future studies are needed to clarify the role of both exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding on the development of type 1 DM. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13006-022-00470-z. BioMed Central 2022-05-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9145075/ /pubmed/35624486 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13006-022-00470-z Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Çiçekli, İpek Durusoy, Raika Breastfeeding, nutrition and type 1 diabetes: a case-control study in Izmir, Turkey |
title | Breastfeeding, nutrition and type 1 diabetes: a case-control study in Izmir, Turkey |
title_full | Breastfeeding, nutrition and type 1 diabetes: a case-control study in Izmir, Turkey |
title_fullStr | Breastfeeding, nutrition and type 1 diabetes: a case-control study in Izmir, Turkey |
title_full_unstemmed | Breastfeeding, nutrition and type 1 diabetes: a case-control study in Izmir, Turkey |
title_short | Breastfeeding, nutrition and type 1 diabetes: a case-control study in Izmir, Turkey |
title_sort | breastfeeding, nutrition and type 1 diabetes: a case-control study in izmir, turkey |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9145075/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35624486 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13006-022-00470-z |
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