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A Novel Isolate of Spherical Multicellular Magnetotactic Prokaryotes Has Two Magnetosome Gene Clusters and Synthesizes Both Magnetite and Greigite Crystals

Multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs) are a unique group of magnetotactic bacteria that are composed of 10–100 individual cells and show coordinated swimming along magnetic field lines. MMPs produce nanometer-sized magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) and/or greigite (Fe(3)S(4)) crystals—termed magnetosom...

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Autores principales: Cui, Kaixuan, Pan, Hongmiao, Chen, Jianwei, Liu, Jia, Zhao, Yicong, Chen, Si, Zhang, Wenyan, Xiao, Tian, Wu, Long-Fei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9145555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35630369
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050925
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author Cui, Kaixuan
Pan, Hongmiao
Chen, Jianwei
Liu, Jia
Zhao, Yicong
Chen, Si
Zhang, Wenyan
Xiao, Tian
Wu, Long-Fei
author_facet Cui, Kaixuan
Pan, Hongmiao
Chen, Jianwei
Liu, Jia
Zhao, Yicong
Chen, Si
Zhang, Wenyan
Xiao, Tian
Wu, Long-Fei
author_sort Cui, Kaixuan
collection PubMed
description Multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs) are a unique group of magnetotactic bacteria that are composed of 10–100 individual cells and show coordinated swimming along magnetic field lines. MMPs produce nanometer-sized magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) and/or greigite (Fe(3)S(4)) crystals—termed magnetosomes. Two types of magnetosome gene cluster (MGC) that regulate biomineralization of magnetite and greigite have been found. Here, we describe a dominant spherical MMP (sMMP) species collected from the intertidal sediments of Jinsha Bay, in the South China Sea. The sMMPs were 4.78 ± 0.67 μm in diameter, comprised 14–40 cells helical symmetrically, and contained bullet-shaped magnetite and irregularly shaped greigite magnetosomes. Two sets of MGCs, one putatively related to magnetite biomineralization and the other to greigite biomineralization, were identified in the genome of the sMMP, and two sets of paralogous proteins (Mam and Mad) that may function separately and independently in magnetosome biomineralization were found. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the sMMPs were affiliated with Deltaproteobacteria. This is the first direct report of two types of magnetosomes and two sets of MGCs being detected in the same sMMP. The study provides new insights into the mechanism of biomineralization of magnetosomes in MMPs, and the evolutionary origin of MGCs.
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spelling pubmed-91455552022-05-29 A Novel Isolate of Spherical Multicellular Magnetotactic Prokaryotes Has Two Magnetosome Gene Clusters and Synthesizes Both Magnetite and Greigite Crystals Cui, Kaixuan Pan, Hongmiao Chen, Jianwei Liu, Jia Zhao, Yicong Chen, Si Zhang, Wenyan Xiao, Tian Wu, Long-Fei Microorganisms Article Multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs) are a unique group of magnetotactic bacteria that are composed of 10–100 individual cells and show coordinated swimming along magnetic field lines. MMPs produce nanometer-sized magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) and/or greigite (Fe(3)S(4)) crystals—termed magnetosomes. Two types of magnetosome gene cluster (MGC) that regulate biomineralization of magnetite and greigite have been found. Here, we describe a dominant spherical MMP (sMMP) species collected from the intertidal sediments of Jinsha Bay, in the South China Sea. The sMMPs were 4.78 ± 0.67 μm in diameter, comprised 14–40 cells helical symmetrically, and contained bullet-shaped magnetite and irregularly shaped greigite magnetosomes. Two sets of MGCs, one putatively related to magnetite biomineralization and the other to greigite biomineralization, were identified in the genome of the sMMP, and two sets of paralogous proteins (Mam and Mad) that may function separately and independently in magnetosome biomineralization were found. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the sMMPs were affiliated with Deltaproteobacteria. This is the first direct report of two types of magnetosomes and two sets of MGCs being detected in the same sMMP. The study provides new insights into the mechanism of biomineralization of magnetosomes in MMPs, and the evolutionary origin of MGCs. MDPI 2022-04-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9145555/ /pubmed/35630369 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050925 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Cui, Kaixuan
Pan, Hongmiao
Chen, Jianwei
Liu, Jia
Zhao, Yicong
Chen, Si
Zhang, Wenyan
Xiao, Tian
Wu, Long-Fei
A Novel Isolate of Spherical Multicellular Magnetotactic Prokaryotes Has Two Magnetosome Gene Clusters and Synthesizes Both Magnetite and Greigite Crystals
title A Novel Isolate of Spherical Multicellular Magnetotactic Prokaryotes Has Two Magnetosome Gene Clusters and Synthesizes Both Magnetite and Greigite Crystals
title_full A Novel Isolate of Spherical Multicellular Magnetotactic Prokaryotes Has Two Magnetosome Gene Clusters and Synthesizes Both Magnetite and Greigite Crystals
title_fullStr A Novel Isolate of Spherical Multicellular Magnetotactic Prokaryotes Has Two Magnetosome Gene Clusters and Synthesizes Both Magnetite and Greigite Crystals
title_full_unstemmed A Novel Isolate of Spherical Multicellular Magnetotactic Prokaryotes Has Two Magnetosome Gene Clusters and Synthesizes Both Magnetite and Greigite Crystals
title_short A Novel Isolate of Spherical Multicellular Magnetotactic Prokaryotes Has Two Magnetosome Gene Clusters and Synthesizes Both Magnetite and Greigite Crystals
title_sort novel isolate of spherical multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes has two magnetosome gene clusters and synthesizes both magnetite and greigite crystals
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9145555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35630369
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050925
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