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Quantitative and Qualitative Difference in Antibody Response against Omicron and Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 after Third and Fourth Vaccination

Waning immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of variants, especially of the most distant variant, Omicron, affect titers of neutralizing antibodies in the sera of vaccinated individuals. Thus, two vaccinations with the mRNA vaccine BNT162b fail to induce neutralizing antibodies against the O...

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Autores principales: Hein, Sascha, Mhedhbi, Ines, Zahn, Tobias, Sabino, Catarina, Benz, Nuka Ivalu, Husria, Younes, Renelt, Patricia Maria, Braun, Floriane, Oberle, Doris, Maier, Thorsten J., Hildt, Christoph, Hildt, Eberhard
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9145667/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35632552
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050796
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author Hein, Sascha
Mhedhbi, Ines
Zahn, Tobias
Sabino, Catarina
Benz, Nuka Ivalu
Husria, Younes
Renelt, Patricia Maria
Braun, Floriane
Oberle, Doris
Maier, Thorsten J.
Hildt, Christoph
Hildt, Eberhard
author_facet Hein, Sascha
Mhedhbi, Ines
Zahn, Tobias
Sabino, Catarina
Benz, Nuka Ivalu
Husria, Younes
Renelt, Patricia Maria
Braun, Floriane
Oberle, Doris
Maier, Thorsten J.
Hildt, Christoph
Hildt, Eberhard
author_sort Hein, Sascha
collection PubMed
description Waning immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of variants, especially of the most distant variant, Omicron, affect titers of neutralizing antibodies in the sera of vaccinated individuals. Thus, two vaccinations with the mRNA vaccine BNT162b fail to induce neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron variant. A first booster vaccination increases Omicron-RBD-binding IgG and IgA and neutralizing capacity. In comparison, the Wuhan isolate titers of the Omicron variant binding antibodies are 8.5 lower. After a third vaccination, induction of Omicron-RBD- and Wuhan-RBD-binding antibodies follows the same kinetic. Five to six months after the third vaccination, there are still Omicron-RBD-binding antibodies detectable, but 35.9 percent of the analyzed sera fail to neutralize the Omicron variant, while all sera efficiently neutralize the Delta isolate. In the case of the Wuhan-RBD, a significantly larger number of stable antigen–antibody complexes is formed than in Omicron-RBD. A fourth vaccination with mRNA-1273 temporarily restores levels of Omicron-, Delta- and Wuhan-specific antibodies. Comparing different booster strategies revealed that the breadth of the immune response is not affected by the vaccination regimen. Taken together, these data indicate that booster vaccinations (third and fourth dose) increase the breadth of the immune response, but there is a qualitative difference of antibodies with respect to the stability of antigen–antibody complexes and persistence of antibody titers.
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spelling pubmed-91456672022-05-29 Quantitative and Qualitative Difference in Antibody Response against Omicron and Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 after Third and Fourth Vaccination Hein, Sascha Mhedhbi, Ines Zahn, Tobias Sabino, Catarina Benz, Nuka Ivalu Husria, Younes Renelt, Patricia Maria Braun, Floriane Oberle, Doris Maier, Thorsten J. Hildt, Christoph Hildt, Eberhard Vaccines (Basel) Article Waning immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of variants, especially of the most distant variant, Omicron, affect titers of neutralizing antibodies in the sera of vaccinated individuals. Thus, two vaccinations with the mRNA vaccine BNT162b fail to induce neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron variant. A first booster vaccination increases Omicron-RBD-binding IgG and IgA and neutralizing capacity. In comparison, the Wuhan isolate titers of the Omicron variant binding antibodies are 8.5 lower. After a third vaccination, induction of Omicron-RBD- and Wuhan-RBD-binding antibodies follows the same kinetic. Five to six months after the third vaccination, there are still Omicron-RBD-binding antibodies detectable, but 35.9 percent of the analyzed sera fail to neutralize the Omicron variant, while all sera efficiently neutralize the Delta isolate. In the case of the Wuhan-RBD, a significantly larger number of stable antigen–antibody complexes is formed than in Omicron-RBD. A fourth vaccination with mRNA-1273 temporarily restores levels of Omicron-, Delta- and Wuhan-specific antibodies. Comparing different booster strategies revealed that the breadth of the immune response is not affected by the vaccination regimen. Taken together, these data indicate that booster vaccinations (third and fourth dose) increase the breadth of the immune response, but there is a qualitative difference of antibodies with respect to the stability of antigen–antibody complexes and persistence of antibody titers. MDPI 2022-05-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9145667/ /pubmed/35632552 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050796 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hein, Sascha
Mhedhbi, Ines
Zahn, Tobias
Sabino, Catarina
Benz, Nuka Ivalu
Husria, Younes
Renelt, Patricia Maria
Braun, Floriane
Oberle, Doris
Maier, Thorsten J.
Hildt, Christoph
Hildt, Eberhard
Quantitative and Qualitative Difference in Antibody Response against Omicron and Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 after Third and Fourth Vaccination
title Quantitative and Qualitative Difference in Antibody Response against Omicron and Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 after Third and Fourth Vaccination
title_full Quantitative and Qualitative Difference in Antibody Response against Omicron and Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 after Third and Fourth Vaccination
title_fullStr Quantitative and Qualitative Difference in Antibody Response against Omicron and Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 after Third and Fourth Vaccination
title_full_unstemmed Quantitative and Qualitative Difference in Antibody Response against Omicron and Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 after Third and Fourth Vaccination
title_short Quantitative and Qualitative Difference in Antibody Response against Omicron and Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 after Third and Fourth Vaccination
title_sort quantitative and qualitative difference in antibody response against omicron and ancestral sars-cov-2 after third and fourth vaccination
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9145667/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35632552
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050796
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