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Mortars for Conservation of Late 19th and Early 20th Century Buildings—Combination of Natural Cements with Air Lime

With the availability of commercial Natural cements (NC) for the conservation purposes raises a fundamental question about the compatibility between historic and repair mortars. The properties of Natural cements are dependent on the geological location of the raw material extraction and also on the...

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Autores principales: Andrejkovičová, Slavka, Maljaee, Hamid, Rocha, Diana, Rocha, Fernando, Soares, Maria R., Velosa, Ana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9145674/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35629730
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103704
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author Andrejkovičová, Slavka
Maljaee, Hamid
Rocha, Diana
Rocha, Fernando
Soares, Maria R.
Velosa, Ana
author_facet Andrejkovičová, Slavka
Maljaee, Hamid
Rocha, Diana
Rocha, Fernando
Soares, Maria R.
Velosa, Ana
author_sort Andrejkovičová, Slavka
collection PubMed
description With the availability of commercial Natural cements (NC) for the conservation purposes raises a fundamental question about the compatibility between historic and repair mortars. The properties of Natural cements are dependent on the geological location of the raw material extraction and also on the production parameters, both having an impact on the final properties of the mortars produced from each distinct. Therefore, the significance of preservation of 19th and 20th century heritage and selection of the proper binder compatible with the original materials necessitate the study of existing NCs, that nowadays are produced by several manufacturers. This work provides a complex study of the mortars prepared from three NCs available in the market: Groupe Prompt Vicat, France (NCPV); Cemento Collet Marfil (NCM) and Cemento Natural Tigre (NCT), both from Spain. Various mortar sets based on individual NC containing different binder/aggregate ratios and air lime additions were analyzed after 28, 60, and 90 days of curing with the focus on their mineralogical composition (XRD), morphology (SEM), mechanical (flexural and compressive strength), and physical properties such as water absorption by capillarity, water vapor permeability, and water vapor diffusion resistance. Mortars prepared from NCPV, NCM, and NCT show distinct physical-mechanical properties with varying binder/aggregate ratio and air lime addition. This study shows that the NC variability should be taken into consideration when selecting materials for the conservation and rehabilitation of historic renders and plasters. Based on the comparison with original NC mortars, several NC mortars developed in this study show adequate properties for conservation of the buildings from late 19th and early 20th century in terms of compressive strength (>12 MPa), water absorption by capillarity (<20 kg·m(−2)·h(−0.5)), water vapor permeability (<4 × 10(−10) kg·s(−1)·m(−1)·Pa(−1)), and water vapor diffusion resistance (<28) values.
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spelling pubmed-91456742022-05-29 Mortars for Conservation of Late 19th and Early 20th Century Buildings—Combination of Natural Cements with Air Lime Andrejkovičová, Slavka Maljaee, Hamid Rocha, Diana Rocha, Fernando Soares, Maria R. Velosa, Ana Materials (Basel) Article With the availability of commercial Natural cements (NC) for the conservation purposes raises a fundamental question about the compatibility between historic and repair mortars. The properties of Natural cements are dependent on the geological location of the raw material extraction and also on the production parameters, both having an impact on the final properties of the mortars produced from each distinct. Therefore, the significance of preservation of 19th and 20th century heritage and selection of the proper binder compatible with the original materials necessitate the study of existing NCs, that nowadays are produced by several manufacturers. This work provides a complex study of the mortars prepared from three NCs available in the market: Groupe Prompt Vicat, France (NCPV); Cemento Collet Marfil (NCM) and Cemento Natural Tigre (NCT), both from Spain. Various mortar sets based on individual NC containing different binder/aggregate ratios and air lime additions were analyzed after 28, 60, and 90 days of curing with the focus on their mineralogical composition (XRD), morphology (SEM), mechanical (flexural and compressive strength), and physical properties such as water absorption by capillarity, water vapor permeability, and water vapor diffusion resistance. Mortars prepared from NCPV, NCM, and NCT show distinct physical-mechanical properties with varying binder/aggregate ratio and air lime addition. This study shows that the NC variability should be taken into consideration when selecting materials for the conservation and rehabilitation of historic renders and plasters. Based on the comparison with original NC mortars, several NC mortars developed in this study show adequate properties for conservation of the buildings from late 19th and early 20th century in terms of compressive strength (>12 MPa), water absorption by capillarity (<20 kg·m(−2)·h(−0.5)), water vapor permeability (<4 × 10(−10) kg·s(−1)·m(−1)·Pa(−1)), and water vapor diffusion resistance (<28) values. MDPI 2022-05-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9145674/ /pubmed/35629730 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103704 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Andrejkovičová, Slavka
Maljaee, Hamid
Rocha, Diana
Rocha, Fernando
Soares, Maria R.
Velosa, Ana
Mortars for Conservation of Late 19th and Early 20th Century Buildings—Combination of Natural Cements with Air Lime
title Mortars for Conservation of Late 19th and Early 20th Century Buildings—Combination of Natural Cements with Air Lime
title_full Mortars for Conservation of Late 19th and Early 20th Century Buildings—Combination of Natural Cements with Air Lime
title_fullStr Mortars for Conservation of Late 19th and Early 20th Century Buildings—Combination of Natural Cements with Air Lime
title_full_unstemmed Mortars for Conservation of Late 19th and Early 20th Century Buildings—Combination of Natural Cements with Air Lime
title_short Mortars for Conservation of Late 19th and Early 20th Century Buildings—Combination of Natural Cements with Air Lime
title_sort mortars for conservation of late 19th and early 20th century buildings—combination of natural cements with air lime
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9145674/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35629730
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103704
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