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Separation of Drugs by Commercial Nanofiltration Membranes and Their Modelling

Pharmaceutical drugs have recently emerged as one the foremost water pollutants in the environment, triggering a severe threat to living species. With their complex chemical nature and the intricacy involved in the removal process in mind, the present work investigates the performance of commerciall...

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Autores principales: Nayak, Vignesh, Cuhorka, Jiří, Mikulášek, Petr
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9145772/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35629854
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050528
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author Nayak, Vignesh
Cuhorka, Jiří
Mikulášek, Petr
author_facet Nayak, Vignesh
Cuhorka, Jiří
Mikulášek, Petr
author_sort Nayak, Vignesh
collection PubMed
description Pharmaceutical drugs have recently emerged as one the foremost water pollutants in the environment, triggering a severe threat to living species. With their complex chemical nature and the intricacy involved in the removal process in mind, the present work investigates the performance of commercially available polyamide thin-film composite tubular nanofiltration (NF) membranes (AFC 40 and AFC 80) in removing polluting pharmaceutical drugs, namely caffeine, paracetamol and naproxen. The structural parameters of the NF membranes were estimated by water permeability measurements and retention measurements with aqueous solutions of organic, uncharged (glycerol) solutes. The effect of various operating conditions on the retention of solutes by the AFC 40 and AFC 80 membranes, such as applied transmembrane pressure, tangential feed flow velocity, feed solution concentration and ionic strength, were evaluated. It was found that the rejection of drugs was directly proportional to transmembrane pressure and feed flow rate. Due to the size difference between caffeine (MW = 194.9 g/mol), naproxen (MW = 230.2 g/mol) and paracetamol (MW = 151.16 g/mol), the AFC 40 membrane proved to be efficient for caffeine and naproxen, with rejection efficiencies of 88% and 99%, respectively. In contrast, the AFC 80 membrane proved to be better for paracetamol, with a rejection efficiency of 96% (and rejection efficiency of 100% for caffeine and naproxen). It was also observed that the rejection efficiency of the AFC 80 membrane did not change with changes in external operating conditions compared to the AFC 40 membrane. The membrane performance was predicted using the Spiegler–Kedem model based on irreversible thermodynamics, which was successfully used to explain the transport mechanism of solutes through the AFC 40 and AFC 80 membranes in the NF process.
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spelling pubmed-91457722022-05-29 Separation of Drugs by Commercial Nanofiltration Membranes and Their Modelling Nayak, Vignesh Cuhorka, Jiří Mikulášek, Petr Membranes (Basel) Article Pharmaceutical drugs have recently emerged as one the foremost water pollutants in the environment, triggering a severe threat to living species. With their complex chemical nature and the intricacy involved in the removal process in mind, the present work investigates the performance of commercially available polyamide thin-film composite tubular nanofiltration (NF) membranes (AFC 40 and AFC 80) in removing polluting pharmaceutical drugs, namely caffeine, paracetamol and naproxen. The structural parameters of the NF membranes were estimated by water permeability measurements and retention measurements with aqueous solutions of organic, uncharged (glycerol) solutes. The effect of various operating conditions on the retention of solutes by the AFC 40 and AFC 80 membranes, such as applied transmembrane pressure, tangential feed flow velocity, feed solution concentration and ionic strength, were evaluated. It was found that the rejection of drugs was directly proportional to transmembrane pressure and feed flow rate. Due to the size difference between caffeine (MW = 194.9 g/mol), naproxen (MW = 230.2 g/mol) and paracetamol (MW = 151.16 g/mol), the AFC 40 membrane proved to be efficient for caffeine and naproxen, with rejection efficiencies of 88% and 99%, respectively. In contrast, the AFC 80 membrane proved to be better for paracetamol, with a rejection efficiency of 96% (and rejection efficiency of 100% for caffeine and naproxen). It was also observed that the rejection efficiency of the AFC 80 membrane did not change with changes in external operating conditions compared to the AFC 40 membrane. The membrane performance was predicted using the Spiegler–Kedem model based on irreversible thermodynamics, which was successfully used to explain the transport mechanism of solutes through the AFC 40 and AFC 80 membranes in the NF process. MDPI 2022-05-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9145772/ /pubmed/35629854 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050528 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Nayak, Vignesh
Cuhorka, Jiří
Mikulášek, Petr
Separation of Drugs by Commercial Nanofiltration Membranes and Their Modelling
title Separation of Drugs by Commercial Nanofiltration Membranes and Their Modelling
title_full Separation of Drugs by Commercial Nanofiltration Membranes and Their Modelling
title_fullStr Separation of Drugs by Commercial Nanofiltration Membranes and Their Modelling
title_full_unstemmed Separation of Drugs by Commercial Nanofiltration Membranes and Their Modelling
title_short Separation of Drugs by Commercial Nanofiltration Membranes and Their Modelling
title_sort separation of drugs by commercial nanofiltration membranes and their modelling
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9145772/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35629854
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050528
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